Evidence Based Practice – Question Formulation

All instructions attached in Word Document.

Question Formulation must be done in PICO Format. 

P= patient or client, population or poblem

I = Intervention

C = Comparision

O= Outcome

Must be done with case study:

  

http://routledgesw.com//sanchez/engage/caseFiles/gloriaSanchez

QuestionFormulation – Gloria Sanchez

Write a paper using proper APA formatting. 

Use at least 3 sources for how to formulate questions (your text, one of the articles [Below are the links in blue] included here, and your own research),

And for this assignment, 4 sources for how to carry out the practice (the primary one you think you might want to use).

Discuss the PICO method.

Develop at least 3 questions. 

Identify potential practice interventions. 

This paper should be formatted in APA style with appropriate citations, references, etc.  The page length should be enough to properly answer the prompt.

******Assignment #4 is really about you taking what you have learned thus far to create solid, measurable, EBP questions that help your practice but also expand the scope of social work practice, policy, programming, etc.

You need to discuss the process for formulating questions and cite your sources. You then need to restate your question/problem/client briefly (from the Sanchez case – Gloria Sanchez) and then generate three questions that relate directly to that specific person’s case.

You need to evaluate this using PICO and then discuss potential interventions that resulted from your deeper research. These questions need to be specific and clear. There is true genius in asking the right question so if you are thinking hard about this you are on the right track.

Sanchez Case – Gloria Sanchez

http://routledgesw.com//sanchez/engage/caseFiles/gloriaSanchez

(One of the articles Section)

Go to:

https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/Links to an external site.

 

(The address below sends you to a page that has numerous articles addressing evidence based practices)

You may have to copy and paste them into the search line.

http://www.google.com/cse?cx=004326897958477606950%3Adjcbsrxkatm&ie=UTF-8&q=social+work&sa=Search&siteurl=www.google.com%2Fcse%2Fhome%3Fcx%3D004326897958477606950%3Adjcbsrxkatm&ref=www.cochrane.org%2FAbout%2520us%2FEvidence-based%2520health%2520care%2FWebliography%2FTutorials-tools&ss=4436j2901524j20#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=social%20work&gsc.page=1  (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

The address below sends you to a page with Social Work podcasts.

You may have to copy and paste them into the search line.

http://www.insocialwork.org/episode_category.asp?cat=Evidence-Based%20Practice

FROM THE TEXT

Step 1: Question Formulation (Evidence Based Practice -EBP)

Before you start searching for evidence, you need to know what question you are trying to answer.

Suppose, for example, that you are planning to establish a residential treatment facility of physically or sexually abused girls who have emotional or behavioral problems, and you need to decide what treatment modalities to employ. Your EBP question might inquire as o which treatment modalities have the best evidence supporting their effectiveness with girls who share the projected characteristics of your clients. Alternatively, you might have reason in advance to suspect the tone of more particular modalities will be most effective based on what you have read or heard about it form a theoretical standpoint. For example, colleagues involved in a similar program elsewhere might rave about the great success they have experienced using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Colleagues in another program ight claim to have had little success with EMDR and much more success with exposure therapy. Perhaps you’ve read clinical books on both modalities and both look equally promising to you from a clinical standpoint. Consequently, instead of asking a broader question about the effectiveness of the gamut of possible treatment modalities, you might narrow your search to the question of whether EMDR or exposure therapy is more effective with the types of clients you plan to treat.

A tool that you might choose to contrast your questions about effectiveness or about what assessment tool to use is the PICO framework. PICO questions include four parts, which are represented by the four letters in the acronym. Writing a question using this PICO framework can help you clearly articulate your question and help you to develop search terms that capture each of these important elements.

Before you being to search the evidence, it can be helpful to lay out your question—whether you are using a PICO framework or not—so that you can think about the key search terms that you could use before you are in the thick of the search. Especially helpful is to think about synonyms that represent the same key concepts in your question. For example, different studies might refer to children aged 12 to 16 as children, youth, or young adolescents. If you don’t think about these synonyms, you may miss studies that just use different language to meat the same exact thing.

PICO

P = Patient ( or client) population or problem

This is the part of the question where you would specify your client, the problem or need that you are addressing through services, and the key characteristics that you think might have an important impact on the intervention or assessment tool that you choose. For example, some interventions have demonstrated different effects across different racial or ethnic populations, and some assessment instruments have not bene developed to be used for clients with varied languages and cultures. This is important information to consider as you search for research and you consider the relevancy of the findings for your client.

I = Intervention C= Comparison

For example, you may be trying to decide between using two different parent training interventions—or you may be thinking about adding a new depression screening instrument versus using clinical interviews in to identify clients who need depression treatment. Choosing an intervention and a comparison is a good reminder that EBP questions involve making a practice decision; therefore, there should be at least 2 different options between which you will be deciding. The question should have real implications for directing what you actually do in practice.

O = Outcome

This is what you’re hoping to see change as a result of your intervention or assessment efforts. You may be hoping to reduce child behavior problems among your clients, or more accurately detect moderate to severe depression.

Step 2: EVIDENCE SEARCH

There are various ways to search for evidence related to your practice question. You could., for example, conduct an exhaustive literature search in a scholarly fashion….You should be cautious and exercise some healthy skepticism when encountering Web sites that tout particular treatment approaches or other tools that you might use in your practice. Some sites, for example, might have a vested interest in promoting or debunking a particular treatment modality you are investigating.

Websites:

· You should look for Web sites that provide objective reviews. Two highly regarded sources of rigorous, objective reviews can be found at the Web sites for the Cochrane Collaboration and the Campbell Collaboration. Both of these sibling collaborations recruit groups of experts to conduct each review. The reviews provided by the Cochrane Collaboration focus on health care interventions and can be accessed at www.cochrane.org. In addition to its reviews, that site provides links to critical appraisals of the reviews, bibliographies of studies, and other information, including information to help readers appraise the quality of their review system.

· The Campbell Collaboration reviews focus on social welfare, education, and criminal justice, you can access its Website at www.campbellcollaboration.org. Even though the Cochrane and Campbell Collaborations are maintained separately, they do include overlapping of research. For example, reviews of mental health-relevant research can be found in both libraries of systematic reviews.

· Another highly regarded source is the American Psychological Association’s Web site (www.apa.org/division/div12/rev_est/) on empirically supported treatments.

· Government sites can be another good option. One such site, for example. Is the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress (www.ncptsd.va.gov/publicaitons/cq/v5/n4/keane.html)

· Rather than rely exclusively on reviews, which as I have noted can be risky, you can

review individual studies yourself. One way to do that is by going to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) government web site. (www.nlm.nih.gov) to get free access to professional literature database called MedLine, which is provided by the National Library of Medicine and includes journal citations and abstracts.

· Another option is provided by Google and is called Google Scholar. This Google search option is designed to broadly identify scholarly literature and is helpful in narrowing down sources to journal articles, chapters, reports, and books.