Health & Medical Question

Medical case study (COPD) analysis is to allow the student explore more in-depth and enhance knowledge of a select disease processes in relation to a client’s multiple co-morbid conditions. Using the following case study, please discuss the pathophysiologic process, the significant history, laboratory and diagnostic testing, and pharmacologic and/or alternative therapies. Please refer to the rubric.

McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., & Rote, N. S. (2019). Alterations of cardiovascular function. In J.L. Rogers (Ed.) Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children 9th ed., Elsevier.

The purpose of the case study analysis is to allow the student to explore more in-depth
and enhance the students’ knowledge of select disease processes in relation to a client’s
multiple co-morbid conditions. Using the following case study, please discuss the
pathophysiologic process, the significant history, laboratory and diagnostic testing, and
pharmacologic and/or alternative therapies. Please refer to the course syllabus and
rubric for point breakdown and expectations for each section.
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Use of subheadings is required.
Paper must be typed, double spaced, and limited to 10-12 pages (excluding
title page and references).
Analyses should be submitted to Turnitin for plagiarism and grammar checks,
then submitted via Canvas. Attempted submissions via email will not be
accepted.
Use the professional literature to support your analysis. Sources used must be
authoritative (e.g. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, CDC, etc.;
WebMD is not an authoritative site).
Please only use one space between sentences.
Tables if used may be single spaced with 11 point font
CASE STUDY
A 60-year-old, Caucasian man presents to your office with worsening cough, sputum
production, and shortness of breath. He has been a cigarette smoker for the past 50
years, smoking approximately 1 pack a day. He has a chronic cough in the mornings,
productive of some yellow sputum but generally feels okay during the day. He was in his
usual state of health until two weeks ago when he developed a cold. Since then, he has
had a hacking cough and increased thick sputum production. He also has had difficulty
walking more than a block without stopping due to shortness of breath. Physical
examination reveals prolonged expiration, audible wheezing, and diffuse rhonchi
throughout all lung fields, he is thin with non-pitting edema to the ankles, there is skin
pigmentation noted to his anterior legs from knee to ankles. Current vital signs: BP
148/90, HR 96, RR 20, Temp 37.0°C. He denies pain
Review of the medical record reveals the following diagnostics completed 4 days prior to
presenting to your clinic:
Chest radiograph shows hyperinflation of both lungs with a flattened diaphragm.
Pulmonary function test reveal a reduced FEV1 (1.2 L), FVC (3 L), and the FEV1/ FVC
ratio of 40%. The expiratory flow-volume curve shows substantial limitation of flow,
measurement of lung volumes reveals an increase in the residual volume (RV) and
functional residual volume (FRC).
ABG: pH 7.35, CO2 58, PO2 68, HCO3 30, BE 1, 89%.
Past medical history
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coronary artery disease (CAD) with a drug-eluting stent (DES) placed to his left
anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.
Current medications: Aspirin 81 mg, ticagrelor 60 mg, atorvastatin 40 mg
For the pathophysiology section, please include the pathophysiology of the main
problem. The co-morbid conditions do not have to be in as much detail as the main
pathophysiology, rather how they relate to the main problem.
Please see the following Case Study Format Example. Please feel free to use the
headings I have provided (really its okay!)
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Title of Your Paper
Your Name
University of Delaware
Name of Course
Instructor Name
Due Date
See Sample Student Title Page (APA 7th Ed manual page 32)
Faculty guidelines:
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Student papers do not need a running head. You may include if you choose. Please ask
each professor their preference. It is not needed for this assignment.
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You do not need an abstract for this assignment.
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APA recommends different fonts. Please use 12-Point Times New Roman for this
assignment. You may use 11-point font in tables.
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Please use 1-inch margins
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Indent new paragraphs 0.5 in
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Please use appropriate headings per APA – see page 48 (table 2.3) in the APA manual
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The first paragraph should introduce the patient and your analysis. There is no heading for
the introduction paragraph. Explain what pathophysiology you will discuss in the next section. 12 paragraphs. Use the headings or similar heading as used below.
Pathophysiologic Process
In the next few paragraphs describe the main pathophysiologic process and how each comorbid state provide may influence this process including manifestations and compensatory
responses. You may include a flow diagram if that is helpful for you to explain the
pathophysiologic process. 2-3 pages
History
Discuss any relevant family history that may influence the pathophysiologic process you
are describing. If it is not provided in the scenario then explain what you would want to know
and why (how it relates to the patho) you want to see it. 1-2 paragraphs
Laboratory and Diagnostics
Discuss your analysis of the laboratory and diagnostic tests provided. Relate the
labs/diagnostics provided in the scenario to the pathophysiology of individual in the case study.
If there is a diagnostic test that is not included but would be helpful in the management of care
for the individual in the case study, describe it and why it should be completed. 1-3 paragraphs/1
page
Pharmacologic and Alternative Therapies
Describe the medications as provided in the case study and why the individual is
receiving this medication. You should include the mechanism of action for each medication to
help you describe why the patient is receiving the medication. Example: The patient is receiving
aspirin for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Aspirin is an anti-platelet drug used to
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prevent platelets from aggregating on the damaged endothelium of the coronary artery and
reduce the risk of thrombus formation.
If an alternative therapy is included in the scenario, please describe it and how it may
benefit the patient. If you would recommend one, include it and describe how it would benefit
the patient. 3-4 paragraphs.
Aspirin. You may use subheadings for each medication or a table. If you use a table,
please make sure you can do this using APA format. I can help with this if need be.
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References
Put references in alphabetical order. You can format these to have a hanging indent. Do not use
tabs or spaces to format your references.
Please include a page break immediately before the heading “References” so that your references
always begin on a new page.