Organic chemistry I Lab Report

Organic Chemistry I Lab Report for Lab #8 Catalytic Dehydration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol using acid.

You are to write up a lab report using the observations during my lab that are attached to do #6 Conclusions/Discussions.

Name:
Exp #
Date:
Lab Partner
Catalytic dehydration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol using acid
1. Abstract and Purpose:
Catalytic dehydration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol was done using 9M sulphuric acid was done in this
experiment. The experimental yield was not a success since an aqueous layer was observed during the
NMR analysis preparation which interfered with the whole process of NMR analysis. The purpose of
this experiment was to demonstrate the mechanisms for all the products which resulted from the
reactions of E1 elimination. Analysis of 4-methyl-1-penten was also done using the NMR spectra.
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)OH + H2SO4 → (C6H12)n
3. Reagent Table (2 points)
Name:
Exp #
Date:
Lab Partner
Name
M.W.
(g/mol)
Density*
(g/mL)
M.P.*
(°C)
B.P.*
(°C)
Amount
(grams
or mL)
Moles
4-methyl-2pentanol
9M sulphuric
acid
102.17
4
98.079
0.808
-90
131.16
1ml
7.9 x 10-3
1.83
10.31
337
0.6 ml
7.9 x 10-3
Hazards/Precaution
s
When measuring
wear protective
clothing such as
safety goggles and
face shield
N.B. For solvents (like methanol) or drying agents (e.g. sodium sulfate), you don’t
need to calculate the moles.
* Report only when applicable
4. Calculations: Shown each calculation for moles of reagents, limiting reagent, theoretical yield
and percent yield. (3 points)
Calculating moles of reagents:
Moles of 4-methyl-2-pentanol
Mass= Density X volume
= 0.808 X 1ml
= 0.808g
Moles = mass/ MW
= 0.808/102.74
= 0.00786451 moles
Moles of 9M sulfuric acid
Mass= Density X volume
= 1.83 X 0.6ml
= 1.098g
Moles = mass/ MW
Name:
Exp #
Date:
Lab Partner
1.089/138.205
= 0.00794471 moles
The limiting reagent is 4-methyl-2-pentanol
Calculating theoretical yield:
Mass= Density X volume
= 0.808 X 1ml
= 0.808g
The theoretical yield is 0.808g
The actual yield is: 0.3896176g
Calculating Percent yield:
Reaction percent yield is
5. Procedure, Observations and Data
Procedure (3 point)
•
Put 2ml of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in a round
Report all observations and all data that you collect in the
bottom flask
lab here
•
Add 0.6ml of sulfuric acid
•
Heat until a reddish brown colour appears
then stop and collect the distillate
•
Observations and Lab Data (4 point)
Add anhydrous potassium carbonate in order
to neutralize the acid.
Name:
Exp #
Lab Partner
(2 points)
6. Conclusions and discussions (4 points)
7. References: (1 point)
8. Image of your lab notebook. (3 point)
I reserve the right to modify points on this template at any time.
Date:
SIGMA-ALDRICH
sigma-aldrich.com
Material Safety Data Sheet
Version 5.0
Revision Date 04/21/2012
Print Date 05/21/2012
1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Product name
:
Dichloromethane
Product Number
Brand
:
:
270997
Sigma-Aldrich
Supplier
:
Telephone
Fax
Emergency Phone # (For
both supplier and
manufacturer)
Preparation Information
:
:
:
Sigma-Aldrich
3050 Spruce Street
SAINT LOUIS MO 63103
USA
+1 800-325-5832
+1 800-325-5052
(314) 776-6555
:
Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
Product Safety – Americas Region
1-800-521-8956
2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Emergency Overview
OSHA Hazards
Carcinogen, Target Organ Effect, Harmful by ingestion., Irritant
Target Organs
Liver, pancreas, Blood, Central nervous system, Heart, Kidney
GHS Classification
Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4)
Skin irritation (Category 2)
Eye irritation (Category 2B)
Carcinogenicity (Category 2)
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H302
H315 + H320
H351
Harmful if swallowed.
Causes skin and eye irritation.
Suspected of causing cancer.
Precautionary statement(s)
P281
Use personal protective equipment as required.
P305 + P351 + P338
IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if
present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
HMIS Classification
Health hazard:
Chronic Health Hazard:
Flammability:
Physical hazards:
Sigma-Aldrich – 270997
2
*
0
0
Page 1 of 7
NFPA Rating
Health hazard:
Fire:
Reactivity Hazard:
2
0
0
Potential Health Effects
Inhalation
Skin
Eyes
Ingestion
May be harmful if inhaled. Causes respiratory tract irritation.
Harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes skin irritation.
Causes eye irritation.
Harmful if swallowed.
3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Synonyms
:
Methylene chloride
Formula
Molecular Weight
:
:
CH2Cl2
84.93 g/mol
Component
Methylene chloride
CAS-No.
EC-No.
Index-No.
Concentration
75-09-2
200-838-9
602-004-00-3
–
4. FIRST AID MEASURES
General advice
Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.Move out of dangerous area.
If inhaled
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact
Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
If swallowed
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.
5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
Conditions of flammability
Not flammable or combustible.
Suitable extinguishing media
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special protective equipment for firefighters
Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
Hazardous combustion products
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. – Carbon oxides, Hydrogen chloride gas
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions
Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate
personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.
Sigma-Aldrich – 270997
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Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for
disposal.
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Precautions for safe handling
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed
and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Heat sensitive. Store under inert gas.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Components with workplace control parameters
Components
Remarks
Methylene
chloride
CAS-No.
Value
Control
Basis
parameters
Potential Occupational Carcinogen See Appendix A
75-09-2
TWA
50 ppm
USA. ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
Central Nervous System impairment Carboxyhemoglobinemia Substances for which there is a
Biological Exposure Index or Indices (see BEI® section) Confirmed animal carcinogen with
unknown relevance to humans
Substance listed; for more information see OSHA document 1910.1052
See 1910.1052
Personal protective equipment
Respiratory protection
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multi-purpose
combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the
respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components
tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Hand protection
Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching
glove’s outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in
accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.
Eye protection
Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate
government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin and body protection
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the
concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Hygiene measures
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of
workday.
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance
Form
liquid
Colour
colourless
Sigma-Aldrich – 270997
Page 3 of 7
Safety data
pH
no data available
Melting
point/freezing point
Melting point/range: -97 °C (-143 °F)
Boiling point
39.8 – 40 °C (103.6 – 104 °F)
Flash point
no data available
Ignition temperature
556.1 °C (1,033.0 °F)
Autoignition
temperature
556.1 °C (1,033.0 °F)
662.0 °C (1,223.6 °F)
Lower explosion limit
12 %(V)
Upper explosion limit
19 %(V)
Vapour pressure
470.9 hPa (353.2 mmHg) at 20.0 °C (68.0 °F)
Density
1.325 g/mL at 25 °C (77 °F)
Water solubility
slightly soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water
log Pow: 1.25
Relative vapour
density
2.93
– (Air = 1.0)
Odour
no data available
Odour Threshold
no data available
Evaporation rate
0.71
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
no data available
Conditions to avoid
Heat, flames and sparks. Exposure to sunlight.
Materials to avoid
Alkali metals, Aluminum, Strong oxidizing agents, Bases, Amines, Magnesium, Strong acids and strong bases, Vinyl
compounds
Hazardous decomposition products
Other decomposition products – no data available
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. – Carbon oxides, Hydrogen chloride gas
Contains the following stabiliser(s):
2-Methyl-2-butene (>0.005 – 16 – < 28 mg/l - 96 h Remarks: (ECHA) Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates static test EC50 - Daphnia magna (Water flea) - > 100 mg/l – 48 h
(OECD Test Guideline 202)
Toxicity to algae
static test ErC50 – Desmodesmus subspicatus (green algae) – > 100
mg/l – 72 h
(OECD Test Guideline 201)
12.2 Persistence and degradability
The methods for determining the biological degradability are not applicable to inorganic
substances.
12.3 Bioaccumulative potential
No data available
12.4 Mobility in soil
No data available
12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not
conducted
12.6 Other adverse effects
Biological effects:
Harmful effect due to pH shift.
Caustic even in diluted form.
Does not cause biological oxygen deficit.
Endangers drinking-water supplies if allowed to enter soil and/or waters in large
quantities.
Aldrich – 339741
The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada
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Neutralisation possible in waste water treatment plants.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
13.1 Waste treatment methods
Product
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve
or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to
a licensed disposal company.
Contaminated packaging
Dispose of as unused product.
SECTION 14: Transport information
DOT (US)
UN number: 1830 Class: 8
Proper shipping name: Sulfuric acid
Reportable Quantity (RQ): 1000 lbs
Poison Inhalation Hazard: No
Packing group: II
IMDG
UN number: 1830 Class: 8
Proper shipping name: SULPHURIC ACID
Packing group: II
IATA
UN number: 1830 Class: 8
Proper shipping name: Sulphuric acid
Packing group: II
EMS-No: F-A, S-B
SECTION 15: Regulatory information
SARA 302 Components
The following components are subject to reporting levels established by SARA Title III,
Section 302:
Sulfuric acid
CAS-No.
Revision Date
7664-93-9
2007-07-01
SARA 313 Components
The following components are subject to reporting levels established by SARA Title III,
Section 313:
CAS-No.
Revision Date
Sulfuric acid
7664-93-9
2007-07-01
SARA 311/312 Hazards
Acute Health Hazard, Chronic Health Hazard
Massachusetts Right To Know Components
No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.
Aldrich – 339741
The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada
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Pennsylvania Right To Know Components
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
New Jersey Right To Know Components
Sulfuric acid
CAS-No.
7664-93-9
Revision Date
2007-07-01
CAS-No.
7664-93-9
Revision Date
2007-07-01
CAS-No.
7664-93-9
Revision Date
2007-07-01
California Prop. 65 Components
This product does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer,
birth defects, or any other reproductive harm.
SECTION 16: Other information
Further information
Copyright 2018 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. License granted to make unlimited paper copies
for internal use only.
The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive
and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the
present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to
appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of
the product. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation and its Affiliates shall not be held liable for any
damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See
www.sigma-aldrich.com and/or the reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional
terms and conditions of sale.
The branding on the header and/or footer of this document may temporarily not visually
match the product purchased as we transition our branding. However, all of the
information in the document regarding the product remains unchanged and matches the
product ordered. For further information please contact mlsbranding@sial.com.
Version: 6.3
Revision Date: 09/28/2019
Aldrich – 339741
The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada
Print Date: 10/04/2019
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SIGMA-ALDRICH
sigma-aldrich.com
SAFETY DATA SHEET
Version 5.6
Revision Date 05/27/2016
Print Date 10/04/2019
1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
1.1
1.2
Product identifiers
Product name
:
4-Methyl-2-pentanol
Product Number
Brand
Index-No.
:
:
:
109916
Aldrich
603-008-00-8
CAS-No.
:
108-11-2
Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Identified uses
1.3
1.4
:
Laboratory chemicals, Synthesis of substances
Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet
Company
:
Sigma-Aldrich
3050 Spruce Street
SAINT LOUIS MO 63103
USA
Telephone
Fax
:
:
+1 800-325-5832
+1 800-325-5052
Emergency telephone number
Emergency Phone #
:
+1-703-527-3887 (CHEMTREC)
2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
2.1
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Flammable liquids (Category 3), H226
Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319
Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure (Category 3), Respiratory system, H335
For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.
2.2
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H226
H319
H335
Flammable liquid and vapour.
Causes serious eye irritation.
May cause respiratory irritation.
Precautionary statement(s)
P210
P233
P240
P241
P242
P243
Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. No smoking.
Keep container tightly closed.
Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
Use explosion-proof electrical/ ventilating/ lighting/ equipment.
Use only non-sparking tools.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
Aldrich – 109916
Page 1 of 9
P261
P264
P271
P280
P303 + P361 + P353
Avoid breathing dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/ vapours/ spray.
Wash skin thoroughly after handling.
Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
Wear protective gloves/ eye protection/ face protection.
IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/shower.
IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for
breathing. Call a POISON CENTER/doctor if you feel unwell.
IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove
contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/ attention.
In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam to
extinguish.
Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
Store locked up.
Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
P304 + P340 + P312
P305 + P351 + P338
P337 + P313
P370 + P378
P403 + P233
P403 + P235
P405
P501
2.3
Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) or not covered by GHS
May form explosive peroxides.
3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
3.1
Substances
Synonyms
:
Isobutyl methyl carbinol
Formula
Molecular weight
CAS-No.
EC-No.
Index-No.
:
:
:
:
:
C6H14O
102.17 g/mol
108-11-2
203-551-7
603-008-00-8
Hazardous components
Component
Classification
Concentration
4-Methylpentan-2-ol
Flam. Liq. 3; Eye Irrit. 2A;
STOT SE 3; H226, H319,
H335
For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.
5,000 mg/kg
Remarks: (ECHA)
No data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
Skin – Rabbit
Result: No skin irritation – 4 h
(OECD Test Guideline 404)
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Eyes – Rabbit
Result: Moderate eye irritation
(OECD Test Guideline 405)
Respiratory or skin sensitisation
No data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
Mutagenicity (mammal cell test): chromosome aberration.
Chinese hamster fibroblasts
Result: negative
Ames test
S. typhimurium
Result: negative
(Lit.)
Carcinogenicity
IARC:
No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
NTP:
No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
identified as a known or anticipated carcinogen by NTP.
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada
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OSHA:
No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
on OSHA’s list of regulated carcinogens.
Reproductive toxicity
No data available
Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure
No data available
Acute oral toxicity – After uptake of large quantities:, Stomach/intestinal disorders, Nausea
Acute inhalation toxicity – Possible damages:, mucosal irritations
Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure
No data available
Aspiration hazard
No data available
Additional Information
RTECS: EV9800000
To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not
been thoroughly investigated.
SECTION 12: Ecological information
12.1 Toxicity
Toxicity to fish
static test LC50 – Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) – 4,630
mg/l – 96 h
(US-EPA)
Toxicity to daphnia
and other aquatic
invertebrates
static test EC50 – Daphnia magna (Water flea) – 2,400 mg/l – 48 h
(OECD Test Guideline 202)
Toxicity to algae
EC50 – Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata – 2,900 mg/l – 72 h
(OECD Test Guideline 201)
12.2 Persistence and degradability
The methods for determining the biological degradability are not applicable to inorganic
substances.
12.3 Bioaccumulative potential
No data available
12.4 Mobility in soil
No data available
12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not
conducted
12.6 Other adverse effects
No data available
SIGALD – C1016
The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada
Page 7 of 9
SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
13.1 Waste treatment methods
Product
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a
licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging
Dispose of as unused product.
SECTION 14: Transport information
DOT (US)
Not dangerous goods
IMDG
Not dangerous goods
IATA
Not dangerous goods
SECTION 15: Regulatory information
SARA 302 Components
No chemicals in this material are subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Title III,
Section 302.
SARA 313 Components
This material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers that
exceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section
313.
SARA 311/312 Hazards
Acute Health Hazard
Massachusetts Right To Know Components
No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.
Pennsylvania Right To Know Components
Calcium chloride
Calcium chloride
New Jersey Right To Know Components
Calcium chloride
CAS-No.
10043-52-4
Revision Date
CAS-No.
10043-52-4
Revision Date
CAS-No.
10043-52-4
Revision Date
California Prop. 65 Components
SIGALD – C1016
The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada
Page 8 of 9
This product does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer,
birth defects, or any other reproductive harm.
SECTION 16: Other information
Further information
Copyright 2018 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. License granted to make unlimited paper copies
for internal use only.
The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive
and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the
present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to
appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of
the product. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation and its Affiliates shall not be held liable for any
damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See
www.sigma-aldrich.com and/or the reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional
terms and conditions of sale.
The branding on the header and/or footer of this document may temporarily not visually
match the product purchased as we transition our branding. However, all of the
information in the document regarding the product remains unchanged and matches the
product ordered. For further information please contact mlsbranding@sial.com.
Version: 6.2
Revision Date: 09/18/2019
SIGALD – C1016
The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada
Print Date: 10/04/2019
Page 9 of 9