Organic Chemistry, Reaction of 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol with an Acid Catalyst Laboratory Report .

1. The lab report is about the reaction of 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol with an Acid Catalyst. (lab procedure is attached and can be used as a source for the report.)

2. The lab results and report requirements are attached below as well. ( the purification of the experimental part can be skipped)

3. There are more documents about the guide of each section’s writing.

Formal Report Sections Requirments:
These sections must be typed in a double-spaced document. Points listed below are an
outline of what to include in each section and should not be answered in a question/answer or
bullet point format. Instead, formulate answers in complete sentences that flow together, as you
are writing a paper. Please see the handouts on MyCourses for additional information on writing
proper laboratory report sections.
Introduction
1. A brief overview of the lab – what are you trying to accomplish?
2. A brief overview of the following techniques used in this experiment:
a. simple distillation
b. IR spectroscopy
c. NMR spectroscopy
Include information on how each technique works and what they are used for this in this
experiment.
3. An overview of the classification tests used in this experiment:
a. what a positive test result looks like.
b. what a positive result indicates. Explain what is happening in each test to yield this
positive test result (what reaction is taking place). Give an example reaction for each in a
figure. Make sure you properly cite your figure by giving it a figure number and caption
(see document “Citing Figures” for an example).
Results and Discussion
1. Give a general overview of the experiment (not a procedure!).
a. Explain the experiment indicating why you did important steps rather than
explaining how you did them. (eg: Include an explanation of why you washed the
product with aqueous NaCl rather than just water.)
b. If something did not work as planned, this is where that should be explained.)
2. Propose a structure for the product isolated that is consistent with the IR data, NMR
data, and the classification tests.
a. Discuss how the data fits the proposed structure. Your discussion should reveal
how you logically arrived at your final structure assignment, discuss the results of
the classification tests, and compare the IR of the product obtained with the IR of
the starting material (see document “Lab Results”). Be sure to list specific peaks
and give their assignment. Are there any stretches not present that helped with
your assignment? How does the NMR data help to fit this assignment? Give
specific peaks and explain how their integration and multiplicity fit the structure.
(It may be helpful to include a figure to help discuss.)
3. Propose a mechanism for how the product obtained in this experiment was synthesized
from the reaction of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol with sulfuric acid. Briefly explain this
mechanism in text and include a figure showing the entire arrow-pushing mechanism.
Experimental
Please refer to the documents on how to write a proper experimental section. In general,
this section should include only detail relevant to complete the experiment and key
observations. Remember to include all analytical data at the end.
PS: (Skip the Purification)
List of References
Your introduction section should include references. Remember to use proper in-text
citations and the ACS format for reporting references at the end of your typed document.
See MyCourses for more info.
IR Spectrum
Label relevant peaks on the IR spectrum obtained during this experiment. Attach the
labeled spectrum to the end of your report.
NMR Spectra
Draw a structure of your product on both the 1H and 13C NMR spectrum. Clearly label all
protons and carbons, respectively, and show where their chemical shift is located on the
NMR.
The Introduction Section of a Lab Report
The introduction section of a lab report is where you will outline any background information necessary
to understand the experiment and the techniques used in the experiment. You will find the background
information presented in lab lecture, your textbook, and online resources helpful for writing this section.
What is included?
Anytime you need to write an introduction section, you will be given points to focus on or questions to
answer. You do not want to write this section using a question/answer or bulleted list format. Instead,
think of these points as an outline for your final document. (See the writing style section below for
more information.)
Typically, the introduction section will outline things like how an apparatus or technique works. Your
textbook is an excellent resource for this information. You may also be asked to write about what you
are trying to accomplish with this experiment. The “objectives” you wrote in your pre-lab assignment
are a great jumping off point for this.
What style should I be writing in?
Unlike other sections of a laboratory report, the introduction section contains background information
and theory. These concepts were applicable when you did the experiment and are still applicable
now, so they do not need to be written in past tense. For example, writing “Distillation was a
technique used for purifying liquids.” seems kind of silly. Distillation still is used to purify liquids, not
just when you did the experiment. In this section, it is okay to write “Distillation is a technique used to
purify liquids.” This is the only section of a laboratory report that using present tense is appropriate.
How do I report references?
The introduction section should contain lots of information that is not coming from your data in lab.
(You won’t need your lab data at all to write this section – you could even write this section before you
even do the lab!) Any references you use (and you should definitely be using some) must be reported
in the ACS reference style. This style uses superscript numbers as the in-text citations and
references are reported in a “List of References” at the end of the document. All references are
numbered by order of appearance, not alphabetical order. For more detailed information on reference
style, please see the ACS Reference Guide on myCourses.
Can I include a picture to help my explanation?
Absolutely! Figures are a great way to help explain what you are trying to discuss. You can include a
hand-drawn figure or make one with software like ChemDraw (UNH has a site license- see UNH
library website) Just remember that you will need to number figures and include a caption. All figures
must also be referred to in the text (ie, see Figure 1). There is a document on myCourses dedicated
to showing you how to properly use figures. If you want to include a figure, make sure you check this
out.
You may be tempted to use figures copied from the internet. If you are asked to do something like
write out a mechanism for a reaction this is not okay. If you are copying a figure of an apparatus or
something of that nature, you can use an online source for the figure, but you must cite it using the
ACS reference style (see the ACS Reference Guide handout).
The Results and Discussion Section of a Lab Report
The results and discussion section of a lab report is where you will take the data you obtained in
lab, report it, and interpret the results to discuss what this data means. This is also where you
would evaluate if an experiment worked well or if you ran into issues and try to explain those
issues. Most of the information included here will come directly from your lab notes, so
references aren’t always necessary. If you do wish to include information from an outside
source because you think it will help to support your discussion of results, please feel free to do
so. Please see the introduction report section handout for information on reporting references
using the ACS reference style.
What is included?
Anytime you need to write a results and discussion section, you will be given points to focus
on or questions to answer. You do not want to write this section using a question/answer or
bulleted list format. Instead, think of these points as an outline for your final document. (See
the writing style section below for more information.)
Typically, the results and discussion section will ask you to discuss the procedure used (see
note below), evaluate the purity of a product, explain what apparatus worked better, or other
things related to the overall goal of the experiment.
Note for discussing the procedure in the results and discussion: This is an area that tends to
confuse students at first. If you are asked to discuss the procedure in this section, it does
not mean to restate what you did (this is what the experimental section is for). Instead, you
should talk explain why important steps were carried out. For example, a procedure might
say, wash the filtrate with 10 mL of water. This is the kind of information that goes in your lab
notebook and in the experimental section. For the results and discussion, you should
explain why you did this, for example: Water was a good solvent to wash the filtrate as the
impurities that were trapped in the filtrate were soluble, while the product was not.
What style should I be writing in?
The results and discussion section should always be written in passive voice. There is a
document on myCourses about this writing style called “A Guide to Scientific Writing.” Please
see this document for more information.
Can I include a picture to help my explanation?
Absolutely! Figures are a great way to help explain what you are trying to discuss. You can
include a hand-drawn figure or make one with software like ChemDraw (UNH has a site
license – let me know if you want more info!) Just remember that you will need to number
figures and include a caption. All figures must also be referred to in the text (ie, see Figure 1).
There is a document on myCourses dedicated to showing you how to properly use figures. If
you want to include a figure, make sure you check this out.
You may be tempted to use figures copied from the internet. If you are asked to do something
like write out a mechanism for a reaction this is not okay. If you are copying a figure of an
apparatus or something of that nature, you can use an online source for the figure, but you
must cite it using the ACS reference style (see the ACS Reference Guide handout).
ACS Reference Guide
In-Text Citations:
In-text citations should be referenced with a superscript number. Numbers are given to
references in the order they appear in the text. Anytime you give information from a given
source, you should include this number as an in-text citation. If multiple sentences come from
information from the same source, you can include one number at the end of all of them.
Examples of in-text citations:
At the end of the cited information:
Fluoridated water as well as various fluoride products such as toothpaste provide
fluoride ions necessary for remineralization.¹
Within the cited information:
Rakita¹ states that fluoridated water as well as various fluoride products such as
toothpaste provide fluoride ions necessary for remineralization.
Formatting References:
The following are examples of different types of references. Choose the one that best fits the
source you are using.
Journal Article:
Author 1 Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial.; Author 2 Last Name, First Initial. Middle
Initial. Title. Journal. Year, Volume, Pages.
Example:
Evans, D. A.; Fitch, D. M.; Smith, T. E.; Cee, V. J. Application of Complex Aldol
Reactions to the Total Synthesis of Phorboxazole B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122,
10033-10046.
Single Author Book:
Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial.; Book Title, edition, Publisher: City, Year.
Example:
Chang, R. General Chemistry: The Essential Concepts, 3rd ed.; McGraw-Hill: Boston,
2003.
Edited book:
Chapter Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. Chapter Title. In Book Title; Book
Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial.; Publisher: City, Year, Vol: Volume, p Page.
Example:
Gbalint-Kurti, G. G. Wavepacket Theory of Photodissociation and Reactive Scattering.
In Advances in Chemical Physics; Rice, S. A., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 2004; Vol. 128; p
257.
Web Page:
Author. Title of Page. Web Address (accessed Date).
Example:
National Library of Medicine. Environmental Health and Toxicology: Specialized
Information Services. http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro.html (accessed Aug 23, 2004).
Lecture PowerPoint Presentation:
Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. Title of Presentation, Institution, City, State, Year.
Example:
Ohoueu, MJ. Classification Tests, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 2021.
List of References:
References should be reported at the end of your typed document, numbered in the order they
appear. For example, you’re using references from three sources. The journal article by Evans,
the book by Chang, and the National Library of Medicine Website. Your in-text citations should
look something like this:
This first part all contains information from Evans. There’s a lot of information from this
source, so I have a few sentences to write.1 This information came from Chang.2 Now I need
to reference something else from the Evans article.1
This whole paragraph came from the website. Lots of info. Lots of info. Lots of info. Holy
cow this is a great website. I got so much information!3
But wait…here’s another point from the Chang book.2
Now at the end of the document you need a list of what those references in superscripts are. It
should look like this:
List of References:
1. Evans, D. A.; Fitch, D. M.; Smith, T. E.; Cee, V. J. Application of Complex Aldol
Reactions to the Total Synthesis of Phorboxazole B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000,
122, 10033-10046.
2. Chang, R. General Chemistry: The Essential Concepts, 3rd ed.; McGraw-Hill: Boston,
2003
3. National Library of Medicine. Environmental Health and Toxicology: Specialized
Information Services. http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro.html (accessed Aug 23, 2004).
Experimental Section- Additional Information
Monday, September 27, 2021
2:51 PM
Lab 3 Page 1
Lab 3 Page 2
Lab 3 Page 3