Persuasive Essay 1350 words (Due in 8 hrs)

You are to complete a persuasive essay on the topic on the outline. There was previous research paper that was done on the topic. You can use the same sources but the persuasive has to be on the research topic and according to the outline.

Due in 8 hours. Don’t apply if you cant get it done on time. Any late submissions will be disputed as its an “F” if late. Read the directions and please no plagiarism. 

Ramahi

ENGWR 300

Censorship of Books – Outline

Background: Each year, hundreds of books, both old and new, are challenged and banned from existing in circulation within US schools, universities, and public libraries.

Thesis/Claim: Censorship of books is an appropriate practice.

Opposing Opinions:

Books challenge thought by addressing uncomfortable topics, and without that forum, the topic might never be addressed.

Rebuttal:

Since books aren’t banned entirely from circulation, the written material will continue to have significant exposure to affect social change.

Opposing Opinions:

Banning of books come from an elitist and futile attempt to shelter children from the realities of the world.

Rebuttal:

Parents are well within their right to control the media that their children are exposed to. By banning improper subject matter, they minimize the primary and secondary exposures of such material.

Opposing Opinions:

Insufficient evidence exists to state that there is a positive correlation between reading violent literature and committing violent acts.

Rebuttal:

Too few studies have been conducted to state the fact as authority, so it’s best to err on the side of caution.

Support for the claim:

· Children should be free to explore literature and media in public places without the possibility that they will stumble upon violent, sexual, or manipulative material.

· School boards determine which books are admitted into a library and can do so without regard for the patronage, therefore, catalogues must be appropriately maintained by stakeholders.

· 1982 Supreme Court plurality opinion stipulates an appropriate process for censorship in spite of First Amendment concerns.

· Literature and media strongly influence morality and unacceptable content can swiftly run afoul of personal and religious standards

· Tax payers should have control over how funds are spent.

1

ENGWR300 – Instructor: Feindert

Persuasive Essay

Post the outline by Monday, 7/23

Peer reviews of the outline due Friday, 7/27 [15 pts.]

Post the first draft to the discussion board by Monday, 7/30

Peer reviews of the first drafts due Wednesday, 8/1 [20 pts.]

Upload the final version by Friday, 8/3 [100 pts.]

This essay must be completed and handed in if you want a chance at passing this class.

This persuasive essay builds on the previous research paper. Choose the same topic as you chose for the research paper, but now turn it into a persuasive essay where you have a clear stance and are trying to convince readers to adopt your opinion and/or take action (as fitting for the topic). The sources and key reasons and key data and quotes may be reused from the research paper, but do not copy whole sentences that you wrote in the research paper into this persuasive essay. I do not want to read more or less the same essay again.

Make sure you have a new and exciting hook. The thesis needs to be new since this is a persuasive paper. Have clear topic sentences that name the reasons. Include at least one opposing opinion (why opponents of your opinion do not agree with your thesis) and a rebuttal; remember that an opposing opinion and rebuttal always come together as a pair and are right next to each other. Make sure you read the lectures about arguments and opposing opinions. If you think that your topic needs more than one opposing opinion with rebuttal, then include more.

Write a minimum of 1,350 words (the Works Cited page counts as long as it does not include any unnecessary sources/words).

I recommend you review the sample outline and the sample essays that are posted online in the modules.

If you are not sure how to turn your neutral/objective pro-con research paper into a persuasive essay, choose the appropriate question/instructions for your topic from below and turn the answer to the question(s) into the thesis or follow the instructions:

1. Should some books be banned? OR Choose a specific book from the list of commonly challenged books and argue whether this specific book should be banned for a specific audience.

2. What type of job(s) has dehumanizing effects and what can we do about this?

3. Show the variety of interpretations of Kafka’s Metamorphosis that is possible based on different culture’s attitude towards bugs and argue which culture’s view would have the most difficulty understanding/accepting the behavior of Gregor’s family.

4. Is studying abroad for a semester or a year a good idea that mostly benefits most students?

5. Argue for or against taking a gap year off before college.

6. Should employers be using information gathered from social media to make decisions about potential and/or current employees?

7. What celebrity is a positive (or negative) role model even though most would not agree with you?

8. Argue for or against a violent or morally questionable activity in society which we seem to accept without questions (such as boxing matches, beauty pageants, etc.).

9. Should there be a minimum- age requirement for professional athletes? Does it matter what sport it is?

10. Should student athletes be paid? If yes, which sports and how much?

11. Argue for or against cheerleading.

Remember that you will write for a general audience that is not convinced of your opinion. Use at least two of the sources from your research paper (and if needed new or more sources) and cite them correctly in 8th edition MLA format.

To establish yourself as a trustworthy author, make sure you present both sides of the issue and address weaknesses in the opposing opinion(s) = include opposing opinions/objections and rebuttals.

The final version of the essay is worth a total of 100 points. It will be graded based on the following criteria:

· Message is clearly defined; clear thesis and all parts are unified – /20 points

· Adequate evidence (if necessary from outside sources) supports the writer’s views; balances strengths and weaknesses of logical, emotional, and ethical appeals – /20 points

· Anticipates reader objections and alternative points of view (rebuttals, concessions) – /20 points

· Effective organization, introduction, and conclusion; clear transitions – /10 points

· Grammar and style – /20 points

· MLA essay format and citation style – /10 points

Do not plagiarize (quote and cite when needed). Plagiarized essays may receive zero points. Make sure you talk to me if you have questions about plagiarism, citing, quoting, or the plagiarism report on D2L.

You will lose points if you do not write enough (I take off the percentage of words that you are under from the points you have received based on the rubric above). Remember that the reflective paragraph is NOT part of the essay’s final word count.

This essay must be completed and submitted if you want a chance at passing this class.

Name

Professor

Course

Date

Banned and Challenged Books in the US

The American Library Association (ALA) plays a key role in the U.S. as it promotes library education both domestically and across the globe. While it condemns censorship by all means, it has to ensure that Americans receive appropriate information from different books printed within its reach. Therefore, ALA has spearheaded the challenging and banning of different books depending on their message and how they affect the targeted audience. According to ALA, a large majority of the challenges posed to reading material are made by concerned parents who feel like their children are being exposed to more that they can actually consume (Carefoote 13). Banned books range from fictional narratives to biographical nonfiction, from centuries-old classics to contemporary best sellers, and from adult erotica to children’s fairy tales. With effort from committed librarians, students, teachers, and parents, challenge posts ensure that books are only banned for valid reasons. When a book is banned, it has to fall under specific factors. Primarily, the message portrayed by the writer must render the material challenging to preserve and defend. Books are banned for many reasons, and while there is support both for and against censorship, each individual must take his/her own stance in accordance with personal beliefs.

Frequently Challenged Content

Generally, the books that generate most challenges seem to be those whose target audience are young people below the age of 18. Most challengers feel that their intentions are suitable, especially since they seek to protect children from accessing difficult information and ideas. If such a book lands in a child’s hands, parents feel that the subject matter will alter the child’s views on certain concepts such as sexual orientation, language, and violence. However, it has been noted that almost every book in existence has had challenges by people trying to ensure that it is banned. This means that some people will still find offensive content in a book, regardless of popular opinion. Based on my research, books about sex and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) sex are particularly challenged and banned (Carefoote 22). Books that expressed homosexuality, such as Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher, as well as those that discuss suicide have been challenged and banned. Given that LGBTQ issues have received increased attention with many people coming out and encouraging others to follow suit, most books with such content have received challenges from those in opposition (Leigh 1). ALA has clarified that it does not ban books just because somebody called for it. Rather, ALA evaluates the content and arrives at a decision depending on how the stakeholders feel about it.

Banning Trends

Challenges and banning seem to emulate concerns of socially contentious issues in a given time period. One current trend involves traditional and LGBTQ sexuality. According to an annual report by the American Library Association, LGBTQ themed content has highly contributed to the banning of books in America. Of the top five banned books banned over the last year, each had an LGBTQ story or character (Leigh 1). One such book, titled ‘This One Summer,’ included LGBT characters and drug use was determined unacceptable. Queer themed titles, such as Two Boys Kissing by David Levithan, have also received significant challenges. A similarly LGBTQ themed story about a 16-year-old transgender reality star, I am Jazz by Jazz Jennings, was also banned for its content.

Similar to content about sexual orientation, terrorism remains a topic of concern in American society. As such, books deemed to promote violence or acts of terrorism have also received intense scrutiny. Open access to un-tampered information is a basic human, but it is important to ensure that the right aspects of society are maintained (Crum 1). Since terrorism and radicalization can be promoted through books, most librarians and challengers have been on the look out to ensure that such books do not make their way into the hands of the people. Given the current tension in America, the right to such information has to be restricted in order to limit actions or thoughts of terror from influencing young readers (Doyle 27).

Legality

Freedom of speech is a vital component of American life. Actions that seek to eliminate any portion of that freedom seem to encounter robust challenges. Banishing various books from public spaces is a deliberate form of censorship. As such, banning books has encountered legal challenges. Legal precedent was established in 1982 in the case of Board of Education of the Island Trees Union Free School District v. Pico and then later enhanced via the 1988 Supreme Court decision Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (Bryeno, 541).

As public institutions, public school libraries inherently possess an obligation to provide diverse information and material to those who would use the facility. Through censorship of specific genres, political or religious bias, or any other category, the library runs the risk of alienating, either wilfully or otherwise, a specific demographic. In the 1982 Supreme Court case, this concern was highlighted, and the opinion seems to reflect this. In essence, public libraries have the freedom to stock the shelves with material of the Board of Directors’ choosing, with the caveat that the board does not have absolute authority and that censorship must be “pervasively vulgar or educationally unsuitable” (543). In the Hazelwood case, censorship in public schools was strengthened by stipulating that student rights in a school setting are not the same as the rights of others in the general public and that educators have greater need to tailor lesson content consistent with educational objectives (544).

Case in Support of Banning Books

Graphic sexual content has been a major target for banning bools. Consider the banning of ‘A Farewell to Arms’ in the 1980s: Although it had no explicit sex scenes, the book was labelled as a sex novel due to overall detail. Sexual content remains at the helm of literary challenges, as it can be a dangerous, self-destructive weapon for humanity. Many parents simply would not like for their children to acquire such books (Doyle 47).

Violence has also been cited as a major reason why many books are banned. In 1974, the Strongsville Board of Education was forced to ban the book titled One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, after complainants claimed that the book glorified criminal activities such as torture, human elimination, bizarre violence, death, dismemberment, corrupt juveniles and description of bestiality. According to members of ALA, simply asking to ban a book is an insufficient reason for removing it from school curriculum or a library despite the fact they receive a lot of threats from different people (Carefoote 26). In the event that a book is challenged, it is clear that there are authors who will not relent their fight to ensure that they reflect a range of humanity via writing. For this reason, they will continue doing so despite the current challenges.

Negativity is another major concern for challengers. Opponents claim that some books are too sad for people to suffer through (Crum 1). For example, Lord of the Flies was challenged at a North Carolina high school in 1981, not because of the violence portrayed within but because of the book’s negativity. According to challengers, the book was demoralizing by implying that man is little more than an animal. Similarly in Alabama, a book by Anne Frank, titled The Diary of a Young Girl, was banned for being too depressing. Although negativity may seem to be a weak reason for challenging or banning a book, successful challengers set precedent for future banning of such books, as seen in the Alabama case (Leigh 1).

Themes of drug use, racism, and profanity are some of the other reasons for banning books. Drug use themes encourage young people to engage in experimentation that can be catastrophic to young lives. Racist ideas can be picked easily from the book and terribly change the way that some people view others. Books like The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian and To Kill a Mockingbird were seen to explore racial themes and were banned as a result. In South Carolina, books like Ku Klux Klan have been removed from school libraries due to profanity. Profanity may also cover blasphemy where people feel like they are being targeted (Crum 1). Such was the case with The Great Gatsby being banned.

Case Against Banning Books

While many people may agree with the reasons for banning a book, others may have strong feelings in defence of keeping all books on the shelves. They contend that readers may actually get something from a banned book and therefore would prefer having it as a personal choice to decide whether to read it or not. While an individual may not like a particular book, it may be of benefit to others. As such, there is no need to take a book away from those who may support the content (Leigh 1). Then, there is the thought that protecting children from the difficult reality of the world is a futile exercise, as there are more sources where information can be shared. For example, the book Thirteen Reason Why was also produced as a movie, meaning that more people were able to access it despite its previous ban (Doyle 26). Furthermore, books are among the best teachers available. Lastly, many banned books are later celebrated classics. Instead of removing books from libraries, people should be free to choose what to consume or not.

Summary

Banning of various books, while questionable, has been a legally accepted practice since the Supreme Court decision of Board of Education of the Island Trees Union Free School District v. Pico. Although the American Library Association condemns the act of censorship, the association supports the need for libraries to supply appropriate information to its patrons. As such, books often banned from libraries typically contain vulgar, offensive, violent, or sexual material. Support for censorship and support against censorship both have valid points and counterpoints. Therefore, the advocacy or opposition of censorship is an individual choice based on a variety of social and moral beliefs.

Ramahi

Works Cited

Brenyo, M. (2011). Chalk talk – censored]: Book banning in the US education system. Journal of Law and Education, 40(3), 541-549. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/875885783?accountid=8289

Carefoote, Pearce J. Forbidden Fruit: Banned, Censored, and Challenged Books from Dante to Harry Potter. Toronto: LMB Editions, 2007. Print.

Crum, Maddie. These are the 10 most banned and challenged books in America right now. Huffingtonpost. 2017. Accessed from and https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/most-banned-and-challenged-books-in-america_us_58ecf60be4b0df7e20459961

Doyle, Robert P. Banned Books: Challenging our freedom to read. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2010.

Doyle, Robert P. Books Challenged or Banned 2015-2016. American Library Association, 2016.

Leigh, Jamie. 10 Reasons for Banning Books, and much better reasons not to. Punchnels. 2014. Accessed from http://www.punchnels.com/2014/09/18/10-reasons-for-banning-books-and-5-much-better-reasons-not-to/

Michael Hernandez was a 14-year old boy who attacked his classmate in the school’s bathroom, stabbed him fourteen times, and proceeded to slit his throat. Hernandez’s only motive for the crime was that he always dreamt of becoming a serial killer after he read the book “American Psycho”. He claimed that he got inspiration from Patrick Bateman, the serial killer featured in the book (Mogaard 1). Cases such as Hernandez’s continue to be used in championing for the banning of books that contain content that would influence young minds that are easily influenced by what they read. Every year, books are banned from circulation in public universities and libraries. Censorship of books is not only appropriate, but it is also mandatory if at all young minds are to be spared from negative influence.1

 

Banning of books is necessary as it ensures that children do not stumble upon violent, sexual, or manipulative content. According to Brenyo (541), one of the most cited reasons for banning books is the presence of sexual situations or dialog. The books are banned to protect the innocence of young children, who could easily be influenced to experiment with the sexual actions without having a clear understanding of the consequences. Thus, books having explicit sexual content may be eradicated from the market to prevent them from falling into young people’s hands. Nonetheless, Ringel (1) argues that books should not be banned as they present opportunities for discussing uncomfortable topics. Without the topics being addressed, the society is denied an opportunity to address them. However, the banning of books does not prohibit their circulation, as the books can still be available in other formats. Therefore, banning books is only aimed at protecting young people from undue exposure to explicit content.2 Comment by Owner:

Parents and guardians have a right to determine the types of books that their children are exposed to. Carefoote (13) indicates that the American Library Association (ALA) posits that the majority of books are banned due to parents’ concerns that their children are not well equipped to handle what they are exposed to. Parents’ concerns over books containing inappropriate content should not be pushed aside as the banning of improper material minimizes their primary and secondary consequences. Young people may be tempted to try out the content showcased in the books as they cannot differentiate between fiction and reality. Therefore, it is in the best interest to ban books to shield the youth from exposure that could lead them to reckless behavior or criminal actions. However, banning of books is a futile and elitist attempt to protect them from the realities of the world. Children can still access the banned content via the internet or through other sources that are permitted to provide access to the banned books (Brady 32). Therefore, just the fact that books have been banned does not necessarily mean that young people cannot access them.3 Comment by Owner: Comment by Owner:

Existing research provides a link between books and wayward or criminal behavior. Stevens (20) showed a subtle relationship between reading violent literature and the likelihood to commit violent actions. Thus, violent books and other books promoting negative behavior should be banned as their effects are backed up by valid evidence. Nonetheless, in a study conducted by Phillips and Strobl (56), the authors did not find a correlation between reading books encouraging violence and actual violent acts. As a result, literature containing violent depictions does not have a major impact on youth influence to engage in violent behavior. The results of the study could be generalized to indicate that books do not substantially influence young adults to indulge in negative behavior. Still, studies that have been conducted to determine the effects of books on children’s behavior have not been addressed extensively. The available literature is limited, making it unsubstantial to be generalized to the entire youth population. As a result, although there could be existing research failing to provide a link between violent books and violent actions, it would be impractical to take a chance with children’s welfare. It would be better to ban books that would potentially harm the youth than to allow them to circulate freely, causing irreversible harm to young minds.4 Comment by Owner: Comment by Owner:

The claim that First Amendment rights provide everyone with equal opportunities to exercise their rights should not be used as a basis of arguing against the banning of books. First Amendment rights should not be offered freely to anyone, but they should be limited based on the context. For instance, prisoners’ rights to freedom of association are limited as they have to abide the laws and regulations of prison institutions. Therefore, the law is not written in stone. Also, when interpreting the law, it should be one on the basis of the spirit of the law, not just the letter of the law (Weinsten 85). Thus, the society should consider the intentions of U.S. forefathers when forming the Constitution. They would have wanted each person to be provided with the opportunity to enjoy their constitutional rights, but they also considered that the rights were attaché to responsibilities.5 Comment by Owner: Comment by Owner: Comment by Owner:

Critics may posit that banning books is a violation of individuals’ constitutional rights, as it is not supported by the law. In the Island Trees School District v. Pico, the court determined that it is not admissible to ban certain books without violating a person’s First Amendment rights. The case involved the rejection of recommendations made by the committee comprised of parents and school staff. The committee had advocated for the banning of various books from the school’s libraries due to their promotion of anti-American, anti-Christian, and anti-Semitic views. The District Court ruled in favor of the petitioners, arguing that the prohibition of the books violated the students’ rights as it infringed upon the right to read, while the right was enshrine in the First Amendment. The court stated that while the school boards had absolute discretion over the classroom, they did not extend to libraries, which were regarded as places for voluntary inquiry (Alexander and Alexander 352). Although the law interpreted the constitution on the basis of the child’s right to voluntary inquiry, it should have considered the best interests of the students, which is protecting them from harm. Books containing negative literature have a negative influence on youth behavior, and banning them would limit their circulation, thereby protecting students from falling into harm.6 Comment by Owner:

Other than the promotion of violence and negative behavior, books are banned for their negative impact on the youths’ mental well-being. The book Diary f a Young Girl was banned for its depressing thoughts, which was concerning to challengers as they fared that young people would turn to self-harming tendencies. The banning of such a book protects a great number of young people from engaging in negative behavior (Crum 1). However, there are people who may argue that banning a book due to its potential effects on the mental well-being of young people is a weak reason. However, the youth need to be protected from influence that could lead them to engage in self-harm. Also, troubled youth may identify themselves with the characters, which would make them mirror their actions as they regard them to be cool. In order to suppress negative thoughts and direct the youth towards positive living it is necessary to ban books that would impair their judgments and motivate them to engage in self-harm. Comment by Owner:

Conclusion

Censorship of books is not only appropriate, but it is also mandatory if at all young minds are to be spared from negative influence. Studies show a correlation between exposure to violent books and an increased likelihood to engage in violent acts. Based on the studies, it would be better to provide the youth with a conducive environment that would prevent them from being exposed to content that could negatively impact them. Also, parents agree that banning various books is the best way of protecting their children from negative exposure. Although the law does not recommend banning books due to the violation of First Amendment rights, it should be more considerate towards the well-being of the child. Lastly, banning books is the best course of action to promote the development of young minds. Comment by Owner:

 
 

Works Cited

Alexander, Kern, and M. David Alexander. American public school law. Cengage Learning, 2011.

Brady, Amy. “The History (and Present) of Banning Books in America.” (2016).

Brenyo, Michael. “[Censored]: Book Banning in the US Education System.” JL & Educ. 40 (2011): 541.

Carefoote, Pearce J. Forbidden Fruit: Banned, Censored, and Challenged Books from Dante to Harry Potter. Toronto: LMB Editions, 2007. Print.

Crum, Maddie. These are the 10 most banned and challenged books in America right now. Huffingtonpost. 2017. Accessed from and https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/most-banned-and-challenged-books-in-america_us_58ecf60be4b0df7e20459961

Mogaard, Matt. 5 Killers Who Found Inspiration in Horror Films. 13thFloor2017. Retrieved from http://www.the13thfloor.tv/2017/06/01/5-killers-who-found-inspiration-in-horror-films/

Phillips, Nickie D., and Staci Strobl. Comic book crime: Truth, justice, and the American way. NYU Press, 2013.

Ringel, Paul. “How banning books marginalizes children.” The Atlantic (2016).

Stevens, McKay Robert. “The Forgotten Medium: The Impact of Reading Violent Literature on Aggressive Thoughts.” (2012).

Weinstein, James. Hate speech, pornography, and radical attacks on free speech doctrine. Routledge, 2018.

General Feedback and Tips:

Please check if any of this advice can improve your draft and/or help with providing feedback in the peer reviews:

Do NOT use/copy whole sections from your previous paper; it will not work well as persuasion. You can use ideas, quotes, data etc. but you need to “repackage” the material with a very different introduction, thesis, topic sentences, and conclusion to turn the information into an effective pervasive essay.

Look over my corrections to your research paper and make the changes; if I told you in the research paper that the citation is wrong, the citation needs to be correct in the persuasive paper. Part of the point about using the same topic for two essays is that you can learn from the weaknesses and improve them and not make the same mistakes a second time.

Have a clear thesis that is persuasive: “this should be …” – “We must….” – “Employers should not be allowed to…” – persuasive means that you are trying to convince the audience of something and the audience is not already agreeing with you. Avoid announcements as thesis statements. Do NOT use: “this paper will show” – “I will prove” – “I will highlight” etc.

Be very clear about what you are arguing for or against. Have a very clear thesis that also addresses the topic. Make sure it clearly addresses and answers the prompt. This essay should not be a pro/con paper but clearly needs to try to convince the audience to join the writer’s side/opinion.

Make sure you have clear transitions that indicate where opposing opinions start (examples: Some may argue that – opponents point out that – some may believe that) and where the following rebuttal starts (= response to the opposing opinion): but – however.

Do include at least one opposing opinion (also called a counterargument) and a rebuttal. An opposing opinion usually disagrees with the thesis or with a specific support for the thesis. An opposing opinion always must be followed by a rebuttal, which responds to the opposing opinion by highlighting the weaknesses of the opposing opinion. How many opposing opinions and rebuttals you include and what type of opposing opinion you include depends on the topic and your audience.

Have a clear transition that shows that this is an opposing opinion – for example: Opponents may argue that…, some point out that…, one possible concern is that…, etc.
Make sure you have a typical introduction with an interesting hook and any necessary background information, but keep the background very short. Do not just jump directly to the thesis.

Ensure your support and examples are specific; avoid vague parts that seem to repeat the same point again and again just with different words. Include a blend of appeals of logos, pathos, ethos; for this essay, logos means data, pathos means stories that appeal to our emotions, and ethos means credible experts and correct citations.

Do not repeat details form the support in the rebuttal and vice versa. A rebuttal and a supporting reason are not the same and thus should not use the same details.
The information/details you include need to be reasons why someone should agree with you. Do not list just random background details about the topic. It needs to be clear why this information should convince the reader. This is usually easier to do with clear topic sentences: “One reason why we should…” – “Another reason to do {this} is….”.

If you use sources (not required but highly recommended to have strong support), make sure you use correct MLA citations. Review this topic if necessary. You must use the current 8
th
edition MLA citation style – NOT the 7th edition style and not APA.

On the Works Cited page, include only sources that have an in-text citation. If the source is not mentioned at least once in the text of your essay, it should not be listed under Works Cited.

The title of an article or webpage is in quotation marks and NOT in italics; the name of the whole website or a magazine or a book should be italicized.
Remember that you are trying to convince a hostile audience; this means interesting them in the topic with a strong hook and title!

Thursday to Friday, I will be on the road to Washington State, so I am not sure about my Internet service through my phone company. I will have access to a strong Internet on Friday evening, but this means that it will take me a while to get back to you. At this point, I think you have all the skills and information you need, but if you have urgent questions, use the chat feature in the online tutoring service. Do not forget that we have free online tutoring services available:

www.tutor.com/crc
– this includes a live chat where a tutor can help you right away, 24/7.