University of Central Oklahoma Qualitative Analysis of Halides Lab Report

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Qualitative Analysis – Halides
In this assignment, you will be given an unknown compound for which you will need to determine the chemical structure. This unknown will contain an halide
functional group but may also contain other functional groups as well. The tools you will have available to perform this analysis include 15 functional group
tests, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, plus other useful data.
In this video we’ll do an overview of the Organic Qualitative lab.
03:31
1. To start this activity, click this link for Qualitative Analysis – Halides . The lab will load in a new tab. Click back to this tab to read further instructions
and complete the questions below. In the Halides section of the Stockroom tab you will find five compounds that serve as practice unknowns and another
bottle that is your assigned unknown. The practice unknowns can be used to gain proficiency with the functional group tests and FTIR and NMR spectra
interpretation. When you are ready to analyze your unknown, click on the Unknown bottle from the Halides section in the Stockroom tab.
2. The boiling point and C-H analysis for the unknown are listed in Live Data. If the unknown is a solid, the melting point can be measured by clicking on
the melting point apparatus to the left of the lab bench and dragging the melting point tube to the unknown in the flask. The melting point will be
displayed on the machine, which can be enlarged by hovering over the apparatus or it will also be posted in Live Data. It will also be useful to know the
polarity of the unknown by performing a TLC measurement (if you have not previously completed the activity Using Thin Layer Chromatography,
please see the note at the bottom of that assignment regarding TLC in Beyond Labz). Record all of this information below.
C-H Analysis
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Rf =
c =
40.71
s AM
°C
or
2 16
and
olutt =
5.12
the
TLC
°C
find
from
->
plate.
3. To collect an FTIR spectrum of your unknown, click on the FTIR spectrometer located to the left of the lab bench and drag the salt plate icon to the flask
on the lab bench. A window containing the FTIR spectrum for your product should now open. Identify the relevant peaks in the FTIR spectrum and
record the position and associated functional group for each in the FTIR table below. The FTIR spectrum can also be saved to the lab book for later
analysis.
When entering values for the FTIR please enter them in order from left to right on the spectrum to ensure they match the grading rubric.
f
FTIR List position/ Funtional Group
List Position (cm-1)
FTIR
Functional Group
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
4. To collect a 1H NMR spectrum of your unknown, click on the NMR magnet and drag the NMR sample tube to the flask on the lab bench. A window
containing the NMR spectrum for your unknown should now open. You can zoom into various portions of the NMR spectrum by clicking and dragging
over the desired area. The Zoom Out button is used to zoom back out to view the full spectrum. Identify all of the peaks in the NMR spectrum and record
the chemical shift, the splitting, and the number of hydrogens for each peak in the NMR table. The NMR spectrum can also be saved to the lab book for
t
later analysis. 13C NMR and Mass Spectrometry are also available in the laboratory to help you determine the structure of your unknown.
Peak Chemical Shift (δ)
Multiplicity†
H‡
Peak Chemical Shift (δ)
1
7
2
8
3
9
4
10
5
11
6
12
† Specify the multiplicity as a singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), quartet (q), or multiplet (m).
‡ Specify the number of hydrogens associated with each peak.
Multiplicity†
H‡
5. To perform the functional group tests, click on the unknown and drag a test tube containing the unknown to the clamp over the stir plate. You will see a
picture of your unknown in Live Data. Now perform the bromine test by clicking on the reagent bottle labeled Br2 and dragging the pipet to the test tube
(or double click the Br2 bottle). The results of the test are shown in Live Data with either a picture or a short video clip. Record the results of the test as
either positive or negative in the table below. (See your textbook for a description of the functional group tests.) Discard the test tube by dragging it to
the red disposal bucket and repeat the procedure for the other functional group tests. Make sure to record all of your results in the table below.
Results for Functional Group Tests
Functional Group Test
+/-
Bromine Test
t
Permanganate Test
–
t
Jones Oxidation Test
Lucas Test
–
Periodic Test
– >
Tollens Test
–
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
t
Sodium Bisulfite Addition
–
Iodoform Test
->
Sodium Hydroxide
–
Hydroxamate Test
->
Hinsberg Test
=>
–
Hydrochloric Acid
–
I
Sodium Iodide/Acetone
|
Sodium Iodide/Acetone + Heat
t
–
6. Using the data you have now collected, determine the structure of your unknown compound and report the name and structure below.
First, give the name of what you think the compound is:
Now open the Unknowns tab in the tray and enter your name for the compound and click Submit.
The identity of the Unknown will be revealed on the screen and recorded in your Lab Book.
Record the actual identity of your unknown here.
Upload a drawing of the structure of your unknown:
Choose File
no file selected
FTIR Graph
NMR Graph for 1H.
13CNMR
Bromine test
Permanganate test
jones oxidation test
Lucas test
periodic test
Tollens test
2,4 – Dinitrophenylhydrazine test
sodium Bisulfate addition test
Iodoform test
sodium hydroxide test
Hydroxamate test
Heinsberg test
Hydrochloric acid test
Sodium Iodide / Acetone test
Sodium Iodide/ Acetone + Heat test