Need a page by FRIDAY SEPT 20TH SUMMARIZE MODEL ATTACHED SEE QUESTION AND ANSWER IT

Review  the Socio-Ecological Model for mental health. Discuss how you would  apply each level of influence in your understanding of how it explains  the way a child in the Juvenile Justice system could develop his/her  behaviors that led to incarceration. Be sure to describe each level and  provide an example of characteristics at each level that can negatively  influence child’s outcomes.  For example, at the community level you  could talk about the impact that exposure to gang violence could have on  a child’s well-being. Be sure to address the following levels:

1. The Individual Level

2. Relationships (Family Level and Peer Level)

3. The Community Level

4. The Policy/Societal Level

SocietyPolicyCommunitiesOrganizationsRelationshipsIndividual

Based on the Ecology of Human Development originally
created by Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner

Mental Health and Well-being:
A Socio-Ecological Model

To learn more visit
z.umn.edu/mhecomodel

Resource allocation shapes
opportunities, and impacts
the ability to meet basic
needs3 The economic conditions into

which a person is born and
raised can shape their overall
quality of life3

Poverty exposure leads to
poorer mental health
outcomes3,8,12

Environmental forces,
such as natural and
man-made disasters, can
have detrimental impact
and/or build resilience3

Policies influence the way
that people navigate the help
they need with their mental
health11

Stigma and bias surrounding
mental illness shape how
people think about mental
health and mental illness7,11

Oppression, racism,
discrimination, marginalization,
and stereotyping create
environments that have a daily
weathering effect on mental
health4,8,11

Children’s general mental
health is influenced by
their parent’s mental
health knowledge10

Media messaging is important
and can shape how people
perceive and respond to health
issues2

Rapid changes in technology
are impacting mental health
development6

Government regulations
and incentives can build
relationships and
collaboration across
agencies6

Decisions about laws,
policies, regulations,
resources, and money
directly and indirectly impact
mental health6,7

Societal conflict, such as
political crises, migration,
displacement, war, and civil
strife, heighten risk3,8

Disadvantaged neighborhoods,
discrimination and violence are
linked to mental health risk
factors4,8,10

Housing instability such as
transience, homelessness,
and substandard living
conditions lead to mental
health vulnerability3

People and communities have
different mental health needs3,4

Social well-being is a
public experience, not a
private phenomenon7

Personal
characteristics4,8

Biological/genetic factors8,10,14

Development is complex, dynamic, and
has many different factors (no one single
cause)9,14

Adaptability10,12

Access is impacted by
cost, insurance, location,
transportation, childcare,
and time11

Leadership and life skills6

Coping skills10

Positive, high quality
relationships matter6

Social roles promote
identity and social
connections (e.g.
parent- parent), and
facilitate healing2,9,11

Local partnerships and
service delivery are
important components of
successful mental health
programs1,2,,6

Social isolation
is damaging to
health8,10

Nurturing parent-child
relationships model
positive health behavior2,3

Family mental health, substance
abuse, and violence influence
family relationships3,,14

Community services
determine ability to address
mental health and illness8

Services support the mental
health of people by
increasing family and
community connections11

People are shaped by
their social
environment4,9,12

Cross-sector and
organization collaboration
strengthen service outcomes,
access, and referrals1,6,8

Multiple factors such as family,
family resources, family
socio-economic condition, school,
neighborhood and community, and
peers significantly contribute to the
status of one’s mental health3

Educational opportunities (funding,
education level, educators’ cultural
competency, school safety) shape
long-term development3,4,8

Toxic, stigmatizing, and
discriminatory
environments harm
clients1,8

Government investment of
time, money, and resources
dictates mental health
management6,7

Research and reporting gaps
are barriers to understanding
mental health14

Developmental
parenting supports
positive parent-child
relationships8,10

Harsh parenting practices
and discipline have
negative repercussions10

Stress response12

Professionals can leverage
their role to act as a support
system to the people they
serve1

Identity and purpose11

Family and peers
serve as significant
natural support
systems6

Social connections are
crucial for managing
day-to-day stressors and
adversity2,9,11

Good family functioning is
necessary for child well-being
and has important policy
implications10

People are shaped by
their social
environment4,9.12

This socio-ecological model was created as a way to visually illustrate
individual, family, organization, community, and societal factors that
influence individual mental health and well-being. It reflects what we
know from the research about how people’s mental health is affected
both positively and negatively at all levels. Research alone will not capture
experiences of mental health and well-being but offers us a foundational
framework.

The World Health Organization describes health as “a state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.” This well-being model describes mental health for
everyone, as a whole person concept that spans the lifetime.

A positive, strengths-based approach shifts from illness to wellness (i.e.
flourishing). This conceptualization of mental health includes everyone,
reflects the whole person, and spans the lifecourse. The factors identified in
this model are based on research that incorporates mental health,
well-being, and the ecological model.

The ”socio-ecological model” was developed as a way to recognize that
individuals affect and are affected by a complex range of social influences
and nested environmental interactions.

The socio-ecological model of mental well-being recognizes that
factors can cross between multiple levels (see dotted lines on model).
They can also impact people differently, based on cumulative and
intersectional experience.

This framework remains a work in progress.

To learn more, watch the video “Mental Health: Yours, Mine and Ours” at
z.umn.edu/CYFCEMV.

The 6 levels of influence:

• Individual: everything people are born with and how they influence and are
influenced by the world around them

Examples: age, personality, skills, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation,
education/knowledge, economic status, geographic location

• Relationships: formal and informal social supports
Examples: family, friends, neighbors, teachers, co-workers, service providers

• Organizations: the relationship between public, private, and non-profit
organizations

Examples: schools, workplaces, agencies, businesses, healthcare, childcare, faith
groups

• Communities: the broad social setting in which relationships occur
Examples: neighborhoods, cultural groups

• Policy: laws and policies that regulate and support health behaviors
Examples: workplace, local, state, federal, international

• Society: broad societal factors
Examples: culture, beliefs, values, norms, customs, practices

For a full list of references, visit z.umn.edu/mhecomodel.

Partnerships
University of Minnesota (UMN), Center for Leadership Education in Maternal and
Child Public Health
UMN Extension Children, Youth, and Family Consortium (CYFC)
UMN, Office of Human Resources
Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), Child and Family Health Division
*This document was based heavily on Extension CYFC’s “Circles of Influence in Family Development: Educational Disparities” ecological model. We appreciate
their permission and support adapting it to mental health and well-being. z.umn.edu/CYFCEM Updated January 2021

https://z.umn.edu/CYFCEMV

https://z.umn.edu/mhecomodel

https://drive.google.com/file/d/17xFc1FixlNNFM-V2-XgFxxCV8SuxuOp6/view