Literature Evaluation Table

The purpose of this assignment is to refine the PICOT question you developed in the discussion forum this week and begin evaluating literature that you will use in subsequent weeks to write your research paper.

Use the “Literature Evaluation Table” to complete this assignment. Prior to starting the “Literature Evaluation Table,” complete the following:

1. Review the feedback you have received in the discussion forum related to your PICOT question so far. Make any necessary edits to your PICOT question.
2. Conduct a literature search to locate four research articles focused on your selected nursing practice problem of interest. Note: This literature search should include two quantitative and two qualitative, peer-reviewed, primary research articles to support your nursing practice problem. A mixed methods article can qualify towards meeting a qualitative or quantitative methodology. The two articles identified in Topic 1 DQ 2 can be used should you still find them relevant to your PICOT question.

Articles must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

The PICOT question and four peer-reviewed research articles you chose will be utilized for subsequent assignments.

Note: For best search results, do not include the words qualitative and quantitative in your search terms. Do include words that narrow or broaden your main topic. For example: Search for diabetes and pediatric and dialysis. To determine what research design was used in the articles the search produced, review the abstract and the methods section of the article. The author will provide a description of data collection using qualitative or quantitative methods. Systematic reviews, literature reviews, and metanalysis articles are good resources and provide a strong level of evidence but are not considered primary research articles. Therefore, they should not be included in this assignment.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

NRS-445 Topic 1: Literature Evaluation Table
Student Name:
Faculty Name:
Background of Nursing Practice Problem (one paragraph; no more than 250 words):
PICO(T) Question: Use the PICOT question developed in Topic 1 Discussion Question (DQ) 2 and refine it as needed.
PICO(T) Question Template
P
Population
I
Intervention
C
Comparison
O
Outcome
T
Timeline
(optional)
Intervention
In_______________(P), how does _______________ (I) compared to _______________ (C) affect _______________ (O)
within______________(T)?
Problem Statement
It is not known if the implementation of __________________(I) would impact ______________ _______________(O) among
___________ (P).
© 2023. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Criteria
Article 1
Article 2
APA Reference
Include the GCU permalink or
working link used to access the
article
Purpose/Aim of Study
Research question(s)
Design
Is the article qualitative,
quantitative, or mixed methods?
Explain how you determined the
type of research design.
Setting
Where did the study take place?
What type of setting: inpatient,
outpatient, etc.?
Sample
Number and characteristics of
participants
Methods
Interventions/Instruments
Analysis
How were the collected data
analyzed?
2
Article 3
Article 4
Criteria
Article 1
Article 2
Outcomes/key findings of the
study and implications for nursing
practice
Summary of study results
Recommendations of the
researcher
Explain how this article
supports your proposed
PICO(T) question.
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Article 3
Article 4
NRS-445 Topic 1: Literature Evaluation Table
Student Name: Lope Canyon
Faculty Name: Professor Janine Smith
Background of Nursing Practice Problem (one paragraph; no more than 250 words): A one paragraph summary of the nursing
practice problem would be included in this section.
PICO(T) Question: Use the PICOT question developed in Topic 1 Discussion Question (DQ 2) and refine it as needed.
PICO(T) Question Template
P
Population
Critically ill patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
I
Intervention
Daily 2% chlorhexidine cloth baths
C
Comparison
Daily disposable non-antimicrobial cloth baths
O
Outcome
Incidence of health care-associated infection (HAIs)
T
Timeline
(optional)
Intervention
In critically ill patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (P), how does daily 2% chlorhexidine cloth baths (I) compared to daily
disposable non-antimicrobial cloth baths (C) affect the incidence of health care-associated infections (HAIs) (O)?
Problem Statement
It is not known if the implementation of daily 2% chlorhexidine cloth baths_(I – intervention) would impact the incidence of health
care associated-infections (HAIs)_(O – outcome) among critically ill patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (P- population).
© 2023. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Criteria
APA Reference
(include the GCU permalink or
working link used to access the
article)
Purpose/Aim of Study
Article 1
Article 2
Noto, M.J., Domenico, H.J.,
Byrne, D.W., Talbot, T.,
Rice, T.W., Bernard, G.R., &
Wheeler, A.P. (2015).
Chlorhexidine bathing and
health care-associated
infections: A randomized
clinical trial. Journal of the
American Medical
Association, 313(4), 367378. doi:
10.1001/jama.2014.18400.
Link:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
v/pmc/articles/PMC4383133
/
(Include permalink for
articles retrieved from the
GCU library or a link to the
full article; links to only an
abstract will not be accepted.
A HHS Public Access article
was used for this example to
ensure accessibility for
students.)
The purpose of this study
was to assess whether daily
2% chlorhexidine baths for
critically ill patients admitted
2
Article 3
Article 4
Research question(s)
Design
Is the article qualitative,
quantitative, or mixed methods?
Explain how you determined it
was this type of research design.
Setting
(Where did the study take place?
What type of setting – inpatient,
outpatient, etc.?)
Sample
(Number and characteristics of
participants)
to an Intensive Care Unit
(ICU) decreased the
incidence of health careassociated infections (HAIs)
What is the effect of
chlorhexidine bathing on
rates of multiple health careassociated infections (HAIs)
among critically ill patients?
The HAIs examined included
primary outcome including
central line-associated blood
stream infection (CLABSI),
catheter-associated urinary
tract infection (CAUTI),
possible or probable
ventilator-associated
pneumonia (VAP), or
Clostridium difficile
infection.
Quantitative. A randomized
controlled trial is used in this
study. It is quantitative as its
goal is to determine the
relationship between and
independent and a dependent
variable within the identified
population.
The study was conducted at a
tertiary care medical center
in the United States across
five adult intensive care units
between July of 2012 and
July of 2013
A total of 9,340 patients
admitted to one of five
participating ICUs between
July of 2012 and July of
2013 participated in the
study. Of those, 4,488 were
3
treated with chlorhexidine
for baths, while 4,852
participated in the control
baths (disposable nonantimicrobial cloth). The
median age of the
intervention group was 56
years old with 57.6% being
male, while the median age
of the control group was 57
with 57.8% being male.
Methods
Interventions/Instruments
A pragmatic clusterrandomized, crossover,
controlled study was
completed. Once daily
bathing with the assigned
supplies: 2% chlorhexidine
impregnated cloths OR the
disposable non-antimicrobial
cloths (control). Software
was used to randomize each
of the five participating units
to a bathing sequence as
outlined above. Units
assigned a one began with
the intervention, while units
assigned a two began with
the control treatment. This
bathing sequence was
implanted for a period of 10
weeks. This was followed
by a 2 week washout period
in which bathing occurred
with non-antimicrobial
disposable cloths. Then,
each unit crossed over to the
alternate bathing treatment
for 10 weeks. This process
was completed until each
4
Analysis
How were the data that were
collected analyzed?
Outcomes/key findings of the
study and implications for nursing
practice (Summary of study
results)
Recommendations of the
researcher
Explain how this article
supports your proposed
PICO(T) question.
unit crossed over between
bathing assignments three
times.
Each patient was analyzed
according to the bathing
assignment of the unit at the
time of admission using an
intention-to-treat design. A
Poisson regression model
was used to compare the
infection rate between
groups. Pre-specified
secondary analysis was also
completed.
Fifty-five infections occurred
with chlorhexidine bathing,
while 60 infections occurred
with control bathing periods.
The researchers concluded
that no significant difference
was found between the
groups related to the primary
outcome. The rate of HAIs
was not significantly
different between the two
bathing sequences.
Based on the findings of this
study, the researchers do not
recommend daily bathing of
critically ill patients with
chlorhexidine. They do note
that contradictory findings
are present in the literature.
This article includes an
intervention and comparison
group that mirror those in the
PICO question. The
pragmatic trial clearly
evaluates outcomes of HAI
incidence rates and draws
5
conclusions for clinical
practice. Based on this
study, no change in practice
from routine bathing would
be indicated. Additional
studies will be reviewed to
determine if these
recommendations are
consistent.
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