Communications Crosswalk Two Using the Priority Paper

For this assignment, students should

• Exhaustively complete Crosswalk Oneidentify all possible hazards for your assigned countyprofile all of the identified hazardsrank all of the profiled hazards (see the recorded lecture from Wednesday for how to complete this section).
• Complete the first page of Crosswalk Two using the priority (#1 ranked) from Crosswalk One (Note that you CANNOT write in the information in this section).use the data from the profiling section of crosswalk oneinclude possible references with URLs

Risk Assessment Tool
Hazard/Event
Risk Assessment
Frequency
(0-5)
Physical
Safety
Impact
(0-5)
Emotional
Impact
(0-5)
Economic
Impact
(0-5)
Reputation
Impact
(0-5)
1 of 2
Recovery
Difficulty
Impact
(0-5)
Impacts +
Frequency
Subtotal
Likelihood
(1-3)
Total
Risk Score
(Impacts + Freq) x
Likelihood
Comments
Frequency Definition:
(0) = No record of occurrence.
(1) = Occurred once every century.
(2) = Occurred once every 50 to 99 years.
(3) = Occurred multiple times within 50+ years.
(4) = Occurred every ten years.
(5) = Occurred multiple times every ten years.
Potential Impact Definitions:
(0) NONE = No impact to facility, staff, resources, or operations.
(1) LOW (NEGLIGIBLE) = Lowest impact to facility, staff, resources, or operations; unlikely to have an adverse affect upon site normal operations (or in the
area – region).
(2) MINOR = Low impact; potential to alter some operations and resource usage, possible outsource work to other sites; small affect upon site normal operations
(or in the area – region).
(3) MAJOR = Noticeable impact; key operations and resource usage altered, delays to studies and reporting results; outsource work to other sites; current studies
delayed, rescheduled, transferred or cancelled; visible affect upon site normal operations (or in the area – region).
(4) CRITICAL = Sizable impact; broad operational and resource alteration; outsource work to other sites; current and future studies delayed, rescheduled,
transferred or cancelled; big effect upon site normal operations (or in the area – region).
(5) CATASTROPHIC = Huge impact; extensive operational and resource alteration; outsource work to other sites; current and future studies transferred or
cancelled; staff telecommute, teleconference or moved to new site location; cascading affect upon site operations (or in the area – region).
Likelihood Definitions:
(1) Unlikely to occur.
(2) Somewhat likely to occur.
(3) Likely to occur.
Risk Assessment
2 of 2
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Writing Assignment One- Cass County, North Dakota
Antonio Williams
Savannah State University
Dr. Emmanuel Nojang
Risk Vulnerability Assessment
17th September 2023
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Cass County, North Dakota, is known for its natural beauty and thriving communities. It is
located in the center of the Northern Plains (Cass County, n.d.). However, like any other
location, it is vulnerable to a variety of hazards that might endanger its residents, their property,
and the environment. This essay examines some of Cass County’s potential hazards, focusing on
flooding and winter driving fatalities, and discusses risks connected with these events as well as
their potential impacts on the community.
Cass County is a scenic area of North Dakota located in the state’s southeastern region. It
includes the thriving metropolis of Fargo, which serves as the county seat, as well as a number of
smaller towns and rural areas. The county has a diversified topography, with the Red River
running through the center and wide farmlands stretching to the horizon. Its geographical
characteristics and climate make it vulnerable to a variety of natural and man-made disasters.
Flooding, heatwaves, droughts, snow, winter driving fatalities, and storms are among the threats
(Cass County, n.d.).
i.
Flooding
Hazard Events
Spring Thaw
The spring thaw is a regular hazard event that occurs in late winter and early spring. As the
temperature rises, the accumulated snow and ice melts, boosting the flow of water into the Red
River and its tributaries. This unexpected surge of water can cause riverbank overflow and
flooding in low-lying areas.
Heavy Rainfall
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Heavy rainfall is another major hazard event, especially during the spring and summer. When
heavy rain falls on already saturated ground or during the spring thaw, it can cause rapid flow
and contribute to flooding.
Frequency of Hazard Events
Seasonal Variation: Flooding is a threat all year, but it is most likely during the spring thaw and
the wetter spring and summer months. Heavy rainfall events are more common during these
seasons, which can worsen floods.
Climate Patterns: Climate patterns can influence the frequency of flooding danger incidents.
Extended periods of rainfall or snowmelt can lead to more frequent flooding episodes, especially
if these conditions persist.
Risks Associated with Flooding
Flooding is a complex concern in Cass County, impacted by a variety of variables. Cass
County has generally flat topography, which allows water from the Red River and its tributaries
to travel quickly and widely during flooding storms. The low topography reduces the land’s
natural drainage capacity, making it more vulnerable to flooding during periods of high rainfall
or quick snowmelt (Vuković, 2023).
Potential Impacts of Flooding
Flooding has numerous potential consequences in Cass County. For starters, property
destruction is a major concern. Water flooding can cause considerable damage to homes and
businesses, resulting in costly repairs and property loss. Property may become uninhabitable in
severe circumstances, prompting evacuation and temporary relocation of occupants.
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Furthermore, the economic repercussions of flooding are significant, hurting both enterprises and
agriculture. Flooded fields can diminish crop production, causing operational interruptions and
financial costs for businesses (Lamond et al., 2011).
ii.
Winter Driving Fatalities
According to Vukovi (2023), North Dakota is the second most dangerous state for winter
driving in the United States, with a recorded incidence of 19.6 fatal collisions per 1 million
drivers. This rating is mostly due to the state’s small population, which results in lengthy snow
removal delays on its roads.
Hazard Events
Snowfall and Accumulation: The occurrence of heavy snowfall and the piling of snow on
roadways is one of the key hazard events. Snowfall can dramatically impair visibility, make
roads slippery, and reduce tire traction, increasing the likelihood of accidents and fatalities.
Icy Roads: Ice formation on road surfaces, whether caused by freezing rain or melting and
refreezing of snow, is a hazardous event.
Blizzard Conditions: Blizzard conditions, involving strong gusts and blowing snow, can
severely hamper visibility during winter storms.
Frequency of Hazard Events
Rapid Weather Changes: During the winter months, Cass County suffers rapid weather
changes, with conditions ranging from clear skies to snow or freezing rain in a matter of hours.
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Seasonal Variation: The frequency of hazard events associated with winter driving deaths is
highest during the winter months. Cass County sees prolonged periods of harsh winter weather,
usually from late October through early spring.
Risks Associated
Cass County’s environment and topography both contribute to the probability of winter
driving fatalities. Winters in the county are long and hard, with considerable snowfall, ice
accumulation, and freezing temperatures (Thapa, 2016). These circumstances make roads
dangerous, limiting visibility and traction and increasing the risk of accidents. Furthermore, the
Northern Plains’ flat terrain and vast expanses can cause drifting snow, producing hazardous
driving conditions even after the snowfall has stopped.
Impacts of Winter Driving Fatalities
Winter driving fatalities in Cass County, North Dakota, cast a dark cloud over the
community, with far-reaching ramifications. The most significant impact is the loss of precious
lives, which leaves families and friends in unbearable anguish. Aside from the human tragedy,
these accidents can result in injuries, some of which can cause long-term physical and emotional
damage, impacting people’s quality of life. Property damage, medical expenses, and legal costs
are borne by the community, as incidents during winter storms can result in severe repercussions
(Thapa, 2016).
Disaster Management
In Cass County, North Dakota, disaster management for the two hazards, flooding and winter
driving fatalities, entails a combination of preparedness, response, and recovery methods. Local
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governments, emergency management organizations, and the community all work together to
reduce hazards, respond quickly, and assist in recovery.
Preparedness
The local authorities work with communities through educational training to raise awareness of
the hazards. In addition to creating awareness the local authorities also purchase emergency kits
for the communities to be used in case of emergencies.
Response
During a hazardous event, the response team is responsible for establishing a clear
communication channel to enable faster communication. They are also responsible for activating
evacuation plans and shelters for affected residents, ensuring their safety, and Coordinating
emergency response efforts involving law enforcement, fire departments, and medical services to
provide assistance and medical care as needed.
Recovery
The recovery efforts involve the assessment of hazard damage and providing assistance to
affected people also providing mental support to affected communities.
The Emergency Management Agency
In the midst of calamities and disasters, the Emergency Management Agency in Cass
County, North Dakota, serves as a cornerstone of preparedness, response, and recovery. Its major
objective is to safeguard the community’s safety and well-being by orchestrating a complete
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approach to catastrophe management. The agency, led by devoted professionals, serves as a
primary point for managing resources, information, and personnel during times of crisis.
The agency conducts rigorous risk assessments and hazard studies to detect potential
hazards to the community as part of its unwavering commitment to preparedness. It develops and
improves emergency plans and procedures that serve as the foundation for response activities. It
aims to strengthen the resilience of Cass County’s inhabitants and institutions through these
rigorous preparations. The agency’s duty during an emergency is to offer leadership and
coordination, organizing local agencies, first responders, and volunteers to respond quickly and
efficiently. It also conducts damage assessments and assists the community in the long and often
difficult process of rehabilitation.
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References
Cass County. (n.d.). Cass County, ND. https://www.casscountynd.gov/
Lamond, J., Booth, C., Hammond, F., & Proverbs, D. (2011). Flood hazards: Impacts
and responses for the built environment. CRC Press.
Thapa, S. (2016). Speed selection behavior during adverse winter weather conditions.
Vuković, D. (2023, March 15). Natural disasters in North Dakota: What is the
risk? Primal Survivor. https://www.primalsurvivor.net/natural-disasters-north-dakota/
Sample Hazard Profile/Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Hazard: _______________________________________________________________
Location: ______________________________________________________________
Threat
Frequency/probability of Occurrence:
❑ 4 – Highly likely (Near 100% probability in the next year)
❑ 3 – Likely (Between 10% and 100% probability in the next year, or at least one chance
in the next 10 years)
❑ 2- Possible (Between 1% and 10% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in
the next 100 years)
❑ 1 – Unlikely (Less than 1% probability in the next 100 years)
❑ 0 – No chance
Seasonal pattern or calendar link?
 No
 Yes. Specify season(s) or dates when hazard occurs:
_____________________________________________________________
Include historic occurrences information.
Probable duration:
Potential Speed of Onset:
❑ Minimal or no notice
❑ 6 to 12 hours notice
❑ 12 to 24 hours notice
❑ More than 24 hours notice
Available warning mechanisms:
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 1
Consequences & Impacts
Potential impact on human health & safety:
 4 – Catastrophic (Possibility for multiple deaths)
 3- Critical (Injuries or illness resulting in permanent disability)
 2 – Limited (Temporary injuries)
 1 – Negligible (Injuries treatable with first aid)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
Potential impact on property and infrastructure:
 4 – Catastrophic (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1 month or more; more than 50% of
property severely damaged)
 3 – Critical (Shutdown of critical facilities for at least 2 weeks; 25% to 50% of property
severely damaged)
 2- Limited (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1-2 weeks; 10% to 25% of property severely
damaged)
 1 – Negligible (Shutdown of critical facilities for 24 hours or less; less than 10% of property
severely damaged)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
What are potential impacts on the environment and/or agriculture?
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 2
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
Potential impact on continuity of operations:
 4 – Catastrophic (moderate- to long-term (36 hours and longer) impacts on essential
functions)
 3 – Critical (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on multiple essential functions and/or
longer-term impacts on all functions)
 2 – Limited (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on some functions and/or shorter-term
impacts on small number of essential functions)
 1 – Negligible (short-term (less than 12 hours) impacts on some functions
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 3
Hazard Analysis Worksheet (continued)
Potential for cascading or secondary effects?
❑ No
❑ Yes. Specify effects:
Describe historic examples or estimates, if available.
Vulnerability
Are there particular locations or areas of the city that are more vulnerable to this hazard? If
so, list/describe:
❑ No
❑ Yes
Are particular populations more likely to be negatively impacted? If so, who/which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 4
Are particular types of infrastructure or more likely to be affected? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Are particular aspects of government and emergency operations more likely to be negatively
impacted? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Are particular environmental factors or areas more likely to be negatively impacted? If so,
which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 5
Hazard Impact Analysis
Describe the potential impacts of the hazard on:
▪
The public (people)
▪
Responders
▪
Continuity of operations including continued delivery of services
▪
Property
▪
Facilities and infrastructure
▪
The environment
▪
Economic condition of the jurisdiction or organization
▪
Public confidence in the jurisdiction or organization’s governance
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 6