ISU Prevention of the Adverse Effects of Cancel Culture Presentation

R110 SpeechStudent’s Name:
R110 Section No:
Date:
Instructor’s Name:
Title of Speech:
Thesis Statement:
LEFT COLUMN
label speech
functions
(Label the parts
of the
introduction)
(Attention,
TIA,
Credibility,
Thesis)
MIDDLE COLUMN
content of speech
use complete sentences
RIGHT
COLUMN
Label physical
behaviors
INTRODUCTION
I.
II.
III.
IV.
BODY
(*Label each line
of the outline in
this Left-hand
side column.)
I. (Your Background)
A.
1.
(i.e. Main Point,
Sub-Point,
Sub-Sub-Point)
2.
(* Fill in any
actions, line
them up with
the
appropriate
text in the
middle
column.)
B.
Transition
(Insert Transition Here)
II. (Link #1)
A.
(i.e. Show
transparency,
Play tape,
Show Slide)
Copyright © 2021-2022 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Intro Proverb Speech
B.
Transition
(Insert Transition Here)
III. (Link #2)
A.
B.
CONCLUSION
I.
Restate Thesis
(review of Main
Points)
II.
Clincher/tag/
exit line or Final
Appeal
Statement of Academic Honesty: I have read and understand the sections in the Student Bulletin and/or course syllabus
relating to IUPUI’s Honesty/Cheating Policy. I certify that I have not cheated or plagiarized in the process of completing
this assignment. I also verify that this assignment is unique to this class and that I have not used work from previous
courses. If it is found that cheating and/or plagiarism did take place in the writing of this outline, I understand the possible
consequences of the act, which could include expulsion from IUPUI.
Copyright © 2021-2022 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Intro Proverb Speech
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Pattern
IV.
intensify your audience’s desire for your plan by helping them visualize your plan. You want
to project your audience into the future and picture the potential benefits of your plan. Use
vivid imagery to show your listeners how they will profit from your policy. Make them
visualize how much better conditions will be once your plan is adopted. The Visualization
Step may be developed using on of the following techniques:
Alan Monroe (1969) stated that “Although individuals may vary to some extent, research has shown
that most people seek consistency or balance among their cognitions. When confronted with a
problem that disturbs their normal orientation, they look for a solution; when they feel a want or need,
they search for a way to satisfy it. In short when anything throws them into a condition of
disorganization or dissonance, they are motivated to adjust their cognitions or values, or to alter their
behavior so as to achieve a new state of balance” (p. 42).
The Motivated Sequence derives it’s name from the fact that by following the normal processes of
human thinking it motivates an audience to respond affirmatively to the speaker’s purpose. The
sequence contains five distinct steps:
(1) Attention (get the attention of your audience),
(2) Need (describe the problem, demonstrate a need for change),
(3) Satisfaction (present a practical, and concise solution),
(4) Visualization (allow your audience to picture the results),
(5) Action (request immediate action from your audience).
I.
A. relating to the audience
F. humorous anecdote
B. showing importance of the topic
G. telling a dramatic story
C. making a startling statement
H. posing a question (maybe rhetorical)
D. arousing curiosity or suspense
I. using visual aids for illustration
E. using a quotation relevant to your topic
The Positive Method — by describing conditions as they will be in the future if the
solution you purpose is carried out. Provide vivid, concrete descriptions. Select
some situation which you are quite sure will arise in the future, and picture your
audience actually enjoying the conditions which acceptance of your plan will
produce.
B.
The Negative Method — by describing the adverse conditions that will prevail in
the future if the plan you have presented is not carried out. Picture for your
audience the danger or the unpleasantness which will result from failure to follow
your advice. Select from the Need Step the most undesirable aspects of the
present situation, and show how these conditions will continue if your proposal is
rejected.
C.
The Contrast Method — by combining the positive and negative approaches.
Use the negative method first, visualizing the bad effects if the audience fails to
follow your advice; then the positive method, visualizing the good effects of
believing or doing as you recommend.
Which ever method you use, remember that the Visualization Step must stand the test of
reality. The conditions you picture must be capable of attainment. Moreover, they must be
VIVID. Let your listeners actually see themselves enjoying the advantages, or suffering the
evils, you describe. Now that your audience is convinced your policy is beneficial, they
should be motivated to take action NOW.
The Need Step. Now that you have the interest and attention of your audience, you
must next make them feel a need for change. You need to show your audience that there is
a serious problem with the current situation. It is important to state the need clearly and to
illustrate it with strong supporting materials. One or more of the following are recommended:
A. give a clear concise statement or description of the need or problem.
B. one or more detailed examples which illustrate the need.
C. statistical data(don’t overwhelm us with statistics, & make sure we can relate to them)
D. Testimony and other form of support to show the extent of the need
In your need step you will make a convincing demonstration of how the need directly affects
your audience: their health, happiness, security, or other interests. By the end of this step
your listeners should be so concerned about the problem that they are psychologically
primed to hear your solution.
III.
A.
The Attention Step. First and foremost you need to gain the attention of your
audience. In order to gain favorable attention, one or more of the following are
recommended (most of these are the same techniques you used in the introductions of your
informative speeches):
II.
The Visualization Step. Now that you have given your plan/solution you will
The Satisfaction Step. Having aroused a sense of need, you satisfy it by providing
a solution to the problem. Now you present YOUR PLAN/SOLUTION and show your
audience how it will work. The following techniques are recommended:
A. briefly state the action or change you wish your audience to adopt.
B. a complete concise explanation of your plan.
C. a theoretical demonstration — show how this action logically meets the problem.
D. give actual examples showing that this plan has worked effectively, and it’s a
practical solution
E. use facts, figures and the testimony of experts to support your claims\plan.
Make sure that you give your audience enough details of your proposal/plan so that it is
clearly understood. Diagrams and charts are often useful here. You want your audience to
leave the satisfaction step with a clear understanding of your plan. Your audience should
now be wondering how this will work for them and what it can do for them (e.g., “This seems
to be a practical solution for me, however, I would like to see/visualize it in action. How can I
benefit?”).
V.
The Action Step. The function of the action step is to translate the desire created in
the Visualization Step into overt action. Make a call for action. Tell your audience exactly
what you want them to do NOW, and exactly how to do it. For example: Tell them where to
go today on campus to donate blood. Give them the address of the state representative that
they can write to (better yet, give them stamped addressed envelopes to the representative,
and maybe even a form letter they can sign). Give them all the information they need to sign
up for the CPR class offered next week at the Red Cross. You have done the leg work and
you are making it easy for your audience to take IMMEDIATE ACTION. This step can take
the form of one or more of the following devices:
A. a challenge or appeal
B. a summary is always expected by your audience
C. a quotation
D. an illustration
E. a statement of personal intentions
You must conclude with a final stirring appeal that reinforces your audience’s commitment
to ACT NOW! Beware, however, of making the action step too long or involved. You are
trying to make this easy for your audience to do RIGHT NOW.
The Motivated Sequence Pattern is tailor made for policy speeches that seek immediate action. This
sequence follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to the desired
action. This is a tried and true sequence that is extremely effective. The Motivated Sequence Pattern
is used by people who make their living by persuasion–especially advertisers. Many TV commercials
use this same sequence.
The above material is based on excerpts and thoughts taken from: D. Ehninger, A.H. Monroe, and
B.E. Gronbeck’s, (1978) Principles and Types of Speech Communication, 8th. Ed., pp. 142-163; S.E.
Lucas (1995) The Art of Public Speaking, 5th. Ed., pp. 353-361.
1
Question of Policy (Monroe) Speech
Student’s Name:
R110 Section No:
Date:
Instructor’s Name:
Title of Speech: The Burden of College Debt
I. Thesis Statement: Financial aid is insufficient to ease the burden on those who most
need it. A government-funded debt-free program would fix this by encouraging more
low-income students to attend college as well as helping them succeed, and their
success will be our nation’s greatest success.
LEFT
COLUMN
label speech
functions
MIDDLE COLUMN
content of speech
use complete sentences
RIGHT
COLUMN
Label physical
behaviors
INTRODUCTION
Attention
I.
My great-grandparents immigrated to the United States looking
(Blank Slide)
for the American dream, but their grandchildren grew up in
poverty. My parents never thought they would attend college, and
they took the untraditional route when they did. My Dad earned
his associates degree online while working full time after serving
in the Marine Corps. My Mom had her first child when she was
just a teenager, but she used a federal Pell Grant to attend nursing
school and made it through 21 credit hours a semester. My
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech
2
parents were strong. It certainly wasn’t easy, but a college degree
was important to them, because they wanted their children to be
born into better circumstances than they were. I am thankful for
them. Nevertheless, I know there are still millions struggling right
here in our city who can’t even afford basic healthcare or food. If
they were given access to a higher education, we could put their
dreams, which may not be the American dream, within their
grasp.
TIA
II. Most of us can’t afford our degree, but we all dream of a wellpaying job. So, we take on debt, and jump through endless hoops
to get scholarships and financial aid to ease some of the burden.
Credibility
Thesis
III. What is available to help low-income households is not enough.
After my remarks today referencing such beloved sources as the
Input sarcastic
College Board and Harvard Law Professor Mihir Desai, you too
remark after
will find that any burden of debt is unfair to low-income students.
College Board
IV. Financial aid is insufficient to ease the burden on those who most
need it. A government-funded debt-free program would fix this by
encouraging more low-income students to attend college as well as
helping them succeed, and their success will be our nation’s
greatest success.
BODY
Main Point
I.
We would once more set the example for what a democracy should
look like if we made college a reality for the poorest in our nation,
Sub-Point
but high costs stand in the way.
(Average Debt
A. According to research done by the College Board, students
Slide)
who borrowed to pay for college graduated in 2019 with an
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech
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average debt is $28,800. That’s a scary number, and it’s only
gotten worse. On this graph you can see how it is increasing
(Ma et al. 42).
1. But we’ve taken on that debt because a college degree
Sub-Sub-Point
offers financial stability. As can be seen by this graph from
Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the
(Job gains and
Workforce, college graduates actually gained jobs during
losses slide)
the 2008 recession (“America’s Divided Recovery”).
2. This stability allows college graduates to invest, volunteer,
Sub-Sub-Point
and donate to charity more, while also committing less
(Financial Stability
crime than non-graduates, according to economist Philip
Slide)
Trostel (Trostel 50-59). If we could give low-income
communities that sort of stability, our society would be
much better off.
B. Unfortunately, the government cannot, and probably should
Sub-Point
not, just make college free. At least not for all of us, because it
is neither sustainable nor equitable.
1. According to a Colorado government-sponsored report
Sub-Sub-Point
(Blank Slide)
“The First Term of the Oregon Promise,” 60% of the
benefit of their free college program went to the top 40%
of income earners in 2016, yet the program, like Pell
Grants and the 21st Century Scholarship, leaves lowincome students to worry about room and board, books,
and fees (“Senate Bill 81: The First Term of the Oregon
Promise”).
2. So many are left struggling to attend classes during the
Sub-Sub-Point
day, and working at night to make ends meet, while fitting
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech
4
in studying and homework somewhere in between. It’s no
(Top Reasons for
wonder that 38% of college dropouts cite financial
Dropping out of
pressures as the reason for leaving, according to research
College Slide)
analyst Melanie Hanson in her 2021 report “College
Dropout Rates,” as can be seen on this graph.
Transition
Main Point
That burden presents a major problem, but I come to you today with a
potential solution.
II. The solution is to go debt-free. As a start, anyone whose household
makes under $60,000 should pay nothing to attend college, much
like the system employed by the Ivy League Universities
(“Affordability”).
Sub-Point
A. The government could cover the cost, from tuition, to room
and board, to fees, as well as a $200 per month living stipend.
Sub-Sub-Point
1. This life-changing grant would allow students to attend any
four-year public college in the nation without cost,
removing the main reason why many people drop out of
college, and allowing the rest to focus on their academics.
Sub-Sub-Point
2. A condition of this grant would be full-time enrollment, so
(Blank Slide)
while tuition would be free for all low-income students,
only those enrolled in at least 12 credit hours would get all
their room and board, books, and fees paid for.
Sub-Point
B. The state and federal governments could pay for this plan by
modifying the tax system.
Sub-Sub-Point
1. First and foremost, they could lower the taxes on
businesses to increase investment, because there are far too
many ways to avoid the tax anyways. Businesses can simply
make us, the consumers and the workers, pay for the tax by
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech
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raising prices and lowering wages, according to Harvard
Law Professor Mihir Desai (Desai).
2. The income tax, on the other hand, is much more difficult
Sub-Sub-Point
to avoid. Rich or poor, we all hate the IRS come April 15th,
because they do a great job at taking our money. So, if we
wanted to pay for such a monumental plan, we could raise
the income and capital gains tax on the rich, and close the
loopholes that let them avoid it.
Transition
The upfront cost would be large, but as time goes on debt-free college
would pay for itself, while changing people’s lives for the better.
Main Point
III. That is why we must ensure that the forgotten millions in our
nation are able to attend college.
Sub-Point
A. This would enable them to make successful careers for
themselves.
Sub-Sub-Point
1. They could declare independence from poverty, debt, and
government assistance, like my parents.
Sub-Sub-Point
2. They could become self-sufficient, something we all aspire
to be.
Sub-Point
B. On the other hand, if we leave things the way they are, the
divide between the rich and poor will continue growing.
Sub-Sub-Point
1. With that, communities of color will continue to be the
hardest hit, according to the Center for Law and Social
Policy (Garcia 1). As fewer and fewer people yield more and
more power, our nation will become apathetic and weak. In
the end, America will fall behind the rest of the world if
something is not done.
Sub-Sub-Point
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech
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2. If that happens, we are without excuse. We know the
Sub-Point
problem, and we have the means to fix it
C. If we gave all of America’s hidden talent the opportunity to get
a degree, we might just discover the next Einstein or Edison.
CONCLUSION
Main Point
I.
Now, it’s easy to talk about solutions. But it’s a whole other
story putting action behind words.
Sub-Point
A) This April, Senator Brian Schatz introduced a bill called the
“Debt-Free College Act of 2021.” Like myself, he fervently
believes that “we ought to cover the full cost of college for
people who can’t afford it before we cover tuition for people
who can,” and his plan includes much of what I have spoken
about here (Nilsen).
Sub-Point
B) The first step we can all take, then, to reduce the burden of
college debt on low-income students is to sign the petition to
(QR Code
Slide)
support this Bill, which you can do by taking out your phones
and scanning this QR Code. You can also make sure to call
Indiana Senators Todd Young and Mike Braun and show them
your support for this bill. And, when the time comes, make
sure to vote in the primary elections come May 3rd. That way
you can make sure, whether you are Democrat or Republican,
that your party’s candidates actually represent us as college
students.
Review of Main
Points
II.
These actions need to be taken because the price of college is a
severe problem, and the scholarships and financial aid we
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech
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have now are not doing enough. If we enacted a debt-free
college plan, it would lift a multitude out of poverty and fulfill
the dreams of many parents like my own to make their
children’s lives better. If we want to see a more inclusive
future for America, together we must keep our elected leaders
accountable.
Clincher/tag/
III.
So won’t you join me and pave the way for generations to
(Thank you
exit line or Final
come? Thank you for listening and I hope you will help me
Slide)
Appeal
make college a reality for everyone.
Statement of Academic Honesty: I have read and understand the sections in the Student Bulletin and/or course syllabus
relating to IUPUI’s Honesty/Cheating Policy. I certify that I have not cheated or plagiarized in the process of completing
this assignment. I also verify that this assignment is unique to this class and that I have not used work from previous
courses. If it is found that cheating and/or plagiarism did take place in the writing of this outline, I understand the possible
consequences of the act, which could include expulsion from IUPUI.
Jacob Stewart
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech
8
Works Cited
“Affordability.” Yale University, 12 Oct. 2021, https://finaid.yale.edu/costsaffordability/affordability
“America’s Divided Recovery.” Georgetown University Center on Education and the
Workforce, 2016, PDF File. https://1gyhoq479ufd3yna29x7ubjn-wpengine.netdnassl.com/wp-content/uploads/Americas-Divided-Recovery-web.pdf. Accessed
12 October 2021.
Desai, Mihir. “A Better Way to Tax U.S. Businesses.” Harvard Business Review, 1 July 2012,
https://hbr.org/2012/07/a-better-way-to-tax-us-businesses.
Garcia, Rosa M. “Debt-Free College: Principles for Prioritizing Low-Income Students,” Center
For Law and Social Policy, p. 1. PDF File, https://www.clasp.org/sites/default/files/
publications/2019/02/2019_DebtFreeCollegePrinciples.pdf
Hanson, Melanie. “College Dropout Rates.” EducationData, 6 Oct. 2021,
https://educationdata.org/college-dropout-rates. Accessed 11 October 2021.
Ma, Jennifer et al. “Trends in College Pricing 2020” College Board, 7 June 2019, pp. 42.
https://research.collegeboard.org/pdf/trends-college-pricing-student-aid-2020.pdf.
Accessed 10 October 2021.
Nilsen, Ella. “Progressives Want to Go Further than Tuition-Free College — Here’s Their
Proposal to Make It Debt-Free.” Vox, 7 Mar. 2019,
https://www.vox.com/2019/3/7/18252270/progressives-tuition-debt-free-collegeschatz-pocan.
“Senate Bill 81: The First Term of the Oregon Promise.” Higher Education
Coordinating Commission, Dec. 2018, p. 16. PDF File,
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech
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https://www.oregon.gov/highered/research/Documents/Reports/SB-81-OregonPromise-2018.pdf. Accessed 11 October 2021.
Trostel, Phillip. “It’s Not Just the Money” Lumina Foundation, pp. 50-59. PDF File,
https://www.luminafoundation.org/files/resources/its-not-just-the-money.pdf.
Accessed 12 October 2021.
Copyright © 2021-2020 Department of Communication Studies @ IUPUI University | Monroe Speech